<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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Free Telco Dictionary

Copyright © 2013 František Kučera (frantovo.cz)

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<dictionary xmlns="https://telco.frantovo.cz/xmlns/dictionary">

	<tags>

		<tag id="acision" name="Acision" description="comes from Acision or is specific for this company"/>

		<tag id="ericsson" name="Ericsson" description="comes from Ericsson or is specific for this company"/>

		<tag id="nsn" name="Nokia Siemens Networks" description="comes from Nokia Siemens Networks or is specific for this company"/>

		<tag id="charging" name="Charging" description="charging, billing"/>

		<tag id="messaging" name="Messaging" description="sending messages, receiving messages (SMS, MMS etc.)"/>

		<tag id="computer" name="Computer" description="general IS/ICT term"/>

		<tag id="general" name="General" description="general term"/>

		<tag id="finance" name="Finance" description="financial term"/>

		<tag id="java" name="Java" description="Java and other JVM languages"/>

		<tag id="xml" name="XML" description="eXtensible Markup Language"/>

		<tag id="security" name="Security" description="security and cryptography"/>

	</tags>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MVNO" completeForm="mobile virtual network operator" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="MOLO" completeForm="mobile other licensed operator" language="en"/><!-- in the United Kingdom -->

		<explanation language="en"><text>a provider which does not have own wireless network infrastructure; but does marketing and sets the prices for subscribers</text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hot billing" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="late billing" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="latebiller" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a technique used in charging;

				for pre-paid subscribers the standard way to charge services is online

				– subscriber's balance is checked in the billing system and if sufficient, the service (e.g. sending a SMS) is provided, otherwise the service is denied;

				if the billing system is not currently available (so we can't say if the subscriber's balance is high enough), we can provide the service anyway and try to charge it later;

				this feature requires saving state (transactions which weren't charged yet) in some persitent storage (CDR files, SQL database etc.)

				and can be done at the billing gateway or directly at system like SMSC

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMS" completeForm="short message service" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a service or particular short text message sent from or to a mobile phone;

				length of the content in one message is 140 bytes (octets), the number of characters depends on encoding, if 7-bit one is used, it is well known 160 characters;

				the number „160“ is iconic for SMS

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="octet" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="byte" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a unit of digital information;

				byte (almost always) consists of 8 bits, which means 256 possible values (2^8);

				octet is a synonym for 8-bit byte which accents that we really mean the 8-bit byte (and not e.g. the 7-bit one)

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MMS" completeForm="multimedia messaging service" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="DMS" completeForm="donors message service" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="DMS" completeForm="dárcovská SMS" language="cs"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				specific kind of MOAT short message which is used to donate money to charity or some organization;

				the donation is charged from sender's pre-paid balance or in his monthly bill alongside the fees for placed calls and sent SMS

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="EMS" completeForm="enhanced messaging service" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMIL" completeForm="synchronized multimedia integration language" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>xml</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SVG" completeForm="scalable vector graphics" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>an XML-based file format for vector graphics</text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>xml</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IM" completeForm="instant messaging" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="OTT" completeForm="over the top" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a kind of electronic communication between two persons or a group chat;

				compared to e-mail, IM messages are short (few words, sentence) and the other side is expected (depending on his/her online status) to read and respond it immediately;

				compared to SMS, IM messages are cheap – typically free of charge;

				important IM feature is presence – the sender knows current status of the recipient: online, offline, away, busy etc.;

				IM is rooted in the computer world but nowadays it is often used also on mobile phones as alternative to (expensive) SMS – in such case it is called OTT and requires mobile Internet connectivity;

				IM messages are usually transferred over an TCP/IP protocol – good example is Jabber/XMPP which is free and open protocol for IM and presence based on XML

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="XMPP" completeForm="extensible messaging and presence protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>xml</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IMAP4" completeForm="Internet message access protocol version 4" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="IMAP" completeForm="Internet message access protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a text-based client-server protocol for accessing e-mail mailbox;

				supports

					multiple hierarchical folders (inbox, sent, drafts… or user defined),

					marging messages with tags/flags,

					notifications of new messages from server to client (the client does not have to periodically check the inbox and just waits for new messages),

					full-text search and other features;

				messages usually stays at server storage after reading which allows using multiple client programs/devices;

				is more complex than POP3 protocol;

				uses TCP and standard port is 143 (STARTTLS or unencrypted) or 993 (SSL/TLS)

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="POP3" completeForm="post office protocol version 3" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="POP" completeForm="post office protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a text-based client-server protocol for accessing e-mail mailbox;

				messages are usually deleted from server after reading and are stored only on the client side;

				nowadays the more advanced IMAP4 protocol is often used instead of POP3;

				uses TCP and standard port is 110 (STARTTLS or unencrypted) or 995 (SSL/TLS)

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMTP" completeForm="simple mail transfer protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a text-based client-server protocol for sending e-mail messages

				uses TCP and standard port is 25 (STARTTLS or unencrypted) or 465 (SSL/TLS) or 587 (STARTTLS or unencrypted for Message Submission – RFC 6409)

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MUA" completeForm="mail user agent" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>an e-mail client software</text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MTA" completeForm="message transfer agent " language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MDA" completeForm="message delivery agent " language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MIME" completeForm="multipurpose Internet mail extensions" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SAP" completeForm="sms application protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SPID" completeForm="service provider ID" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="UTF-8" completeForm="unicode transformation format 8-bit" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="UTF8" completeForm="unicode transformation format 8-bit" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="UCS-2" completeForm="universal character set 2-byte" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMPP" completeForm="short message peer-to-peer" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="NMS" completeForm="network management system" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SNMP" completeForm="simple network management protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MIB" completeForm="management information base" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="OID" completeForm="object identifier" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SPBP" completeForm="SMS prepaid billing protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="RTPP" completeForm="Real Time Payment Protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="BIP" completeForm="billing interface protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="LTE" completeForm="Long Term Evolution" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="VoLTE" completeForm="Voice over LTE" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="FTTH" completeForm=" fiber to the home" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CIC" completeForm="Carrier Identification Code" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="E.164" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MSISDN" completeForm="mobile subscriber integrated services digital network number" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="MSISDN" completeForm="mobile subscriber ISDN number" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="MSISDN" completeForm="mobile station international ISDN number" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IMEI" completeForm="onternational mobile station equipment identity" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IMSI" completeForm="international mobile subscriber identity" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MCC" completeForm="mobile country code" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MNC" completeForm="mobile network code" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MSIN" completeForm="mobile subscription identification number" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="MIN" completeForm="mobile identification number" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="Ki" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SIM" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="GT" completeForm="global title" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SCCP" completeForm="signalling connection control part" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="ICCID" completeForm="integrated circuit card identifier" language="en"/>

		<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_identity_module#ICCID -->

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MWC" completeForm="Mobile World Congress" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="ITU" completeForm="International Telecommunication Union" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="3GPP" completeForm="3rd Generation Partnership Project" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="TGPP" completeForm="Third Generation Partnership Project" language="en"/><!-- used as an identifier if can not start with number -->

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="ASN.1" completeForm="abstract syntax notation one" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="X.400" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="X.500" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="X.509" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="BER" completeForm="basic encoding rules" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="DER" completeForm="distinguished encoding rules" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CER" completeForm="canonical encoding rules" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="PER" completeForm="packed encoding rules" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="XER" completeForm="XML Encoding Rules" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>xml</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="EMV" completeForm="Europay, MasterCard and Visa" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>finance</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AVP" completeForm="attribute-value pair" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="TLV" completeForm="type-length-value" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="PDU" completeForm="protocol data unit" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<!--

	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MM1_%28MMS%29

	-->

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MM1" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MM7" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AAA" completeForm="authentication, authorization and accounting" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Diameter" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>security</tag>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Radius" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SCAP" completeForm="service charging application protocol" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="SCAPv2" completeForm="service charging application protocol version 2" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Draft 8" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Draft-8" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>ericsson</tag>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="DCC" completeForm="Diameter credit control" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="DAAC" completeForm="Diameter accounting and authorization control" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SPI" completeForm="service parameter info" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="result code" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CCR" completeForm="Credit-Control-Request" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CCA" completeForm="Credit-Control-Answer" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CCN" completeForm="Charging Control Node" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IN" completeForm="Intelligent Network" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>nsn</tag>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="BS" completeForm="billing system" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CTF" completeForm="Charging Trigger Function" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="OCF" completeForm="Online Charging Function" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="charged party" language="en"/>

		<!-- A, B, AB, - RTPP/MMSC -->

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				the party (sender or recipient) who is charged for the service (e.g. SMS);

				MOMT messages (or other traffic) are typically charged to the sender (A);

				AOMT messages (like weather forecast or news) are typically charged to the recipient (B);

				some messages can be free of charge and some can be charged to both party (AB)

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="subscriber" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a subscriber of a mobile network, a customer of a telco operator (but term „customer“ is ambiguous because „customer“ from SW development team point of view is the telco operator)

			</text>

		</explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="SMS gateway" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="pre-paid" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="post-paid" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CDR" completeForm="call detail record" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="SDR" completeForm="service detail record" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				kind of log file in machine-readable format (ASN.1, XML, CSV etc.)

				which describes particular usages of a service – e.g. placed phone call, sent SMS, Internet connection;

				CDR/SDR files are used for post-paid billing (not processed online but in batch) and as documentation of usage;

				they must be handled carefully because they contain private information (who calls or texts who);

				always respect subscriber's privacy!

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MO" completeForm="mobile originated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>traffic which comes from a cell phone resp. mobile network, e.g. an SMS sent from your Handy</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MT" completeForm="mobile terminated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>traffic which comes to a cell phone resp. mobile network, e.g. a received SMS</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AO" completeForm="application originated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>traffic which comes from an application i.e. not from the mobile network/phone, e.g. some weather forecast messages generated by an SPA</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AT" completeForm="application terminated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>traffic which comes to an application i.e. not to the mobile network/phone, e.g. message sent to an application in order to subscribe the service or to send your vote</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MOMT" completeForm="mobile originated → mobile terminated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>e.g. when Bob texts Alice from his phone to her phone</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MOAT" completeForm="mobile originated → application terminated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>e.g. if Bob subscribes a weather forecast service by sending a message from his phone</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AOMT" completeForm="application originated → mobile terminated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>e.g. if Alice receives to her phone a news message which she has previously subscribed</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AOAT" completeForm="application originated → application terminated" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>if two applications communicates over an SMS gateway and there are no cell phones involved; this is pretty rare, but somewhere you can meet such configuration</text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Handy" language="de"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>a cell phone</text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="billing" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="charging" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IEC" completeForm="immediate event charging" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="ECUR" completeForm="event charging with unit reservation" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SCUR" completeForm="session charging with unit reservation" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>charging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="COI" completeForm="community of interest" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="aliasing" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="de-aliasing" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="dealiasing" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hashing" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>security</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="provisioning" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CP" completeForm="content provider" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="short code" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="VASP" completeForm="value-added service provider" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				a provider who operates an ESME (application)

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="ESME" completeForm="external short message entity" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="application" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="LA" completeForm="large account" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="VAS" completeForm="value-added service" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="SPA" completeForm="service provider application" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="AIM" completeForm="application interface module" language="en"/>

		<!--

			LA vs. AIM „Use AIM instead of LA (AIM is an MCO term, LA is a V5 term).“

			ESME = any application which can either

			recieve or send or both is an ESME (also known as VAS or SPA or LA)

			LA	Large Account (also known as ESME or SPA or VAS)

			SPA	Service Provider Application (also known as ESME or VAS or LA)

			VAS	Value Added Service (also known as ESME or SPA or LA)

		-->

		<explanation language="en">

			<text>

				an application a software component which sends and receives messages (SMS, MMS, e-mail…) and is connected over IP (not directly attached to mobile network) and protocol like SMPP;

				often is operated by different company than telco operator – a VASP;

			</text>

		</explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="NEP" completeForm="network end point" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SPDB" completeForm="service provider database" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MCO" completeForm="Message Controller" language="en"/>

		<!-- bridge mezi TCP/IP a SS7 ? -->

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SME" completeForm="short message entity" language="en"/>

		<!--

			http://www.telecomspace.com/forum/messaging-sms-smpp-mms/sms-gateway-smpp-esme-smsc

			Ex: Your mobile handset

		-->

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="GSM" completeForm="Global System for Mobile communications" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="GSM" completeForm="Groupe Spécial Mobile" language="fr"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="GSMA" completeForm="GSM Association" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CDMA" completeForm="code division multiple access" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="TDMA" completeForm="time division multiple access" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="UMTS" completeForm="universal mobile telecommunications system" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SS7" completeForm="signalling system no. 7" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SIGTRAN" completeForm="SIGnaling TRAnsport" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="3G" completeForm="third generation" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="4G" completeForm="fourth generation" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Baby Bell" language="en"/>

		<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Bell_Operating_Company -->

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="EAIF" completeForm="external application interface" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>Nokia's protocol for sending and receiving MMS, is based on HTTP and transferres  binary content.</text></explanation>

		<tag>nsn</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="UCP" completeForm="universal computer protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="EMI" completeForm="external machine interface" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>an extension of UCP</text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="CIMD" completeForm="computer interface to message distribution" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>nsn</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="URLP" completeForm="URL encoded message protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>A simple protocol that can be used between AAG and SPA for transmitting messages. Uses HTTP GET method and encodes data in the URL or in HTTP response body</text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMAP" completeForm="short message application protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<!--

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="PSA" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	-->

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="PAP" completeForm="push access protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SC" completeForm="service center" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="MMSC" completeForm="MMS service center" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMSC" completeForm="SMS service center" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SMSCv5" completeForm="SMS service center version 5" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="v5" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text>an implementation of SMSC from Acision</text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IMS" completeForm="IP Multimedia Subsystem" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="IWG" completeForm="inter-working gateway" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="RCS" completeForm="Rich Communication Suite" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="RCSE" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="RCSx" completeForm="" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Joyn" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="WAP" completeForm="wireless application protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="OTA" completeForm="over-the-air" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="DRM" completeForm="digital restrictions management" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="DRM" completeForm="digital rights management" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SyncML" completeForm="synchronization markup language" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="VoIP" completeForm="voice over IP" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SIP" completeForm="session initiation protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="RTP" completeForm="real-time transport protocol" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SRTP" completeForm="secure RTP" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="ZRTP" completeForm="Zimmermann RTP" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="throttling" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="keep alive" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="keep-alive" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="inroaming" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="outroaming" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="TON" completeForm="type of number" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="NPI" completeForm="numbering plan indicator" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="PID" completeForm="protocol identifier" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Blue box" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="BlueBox" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<!--

		Orange box	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_box

		Vermilion box	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion_box

		Magenta box	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magenta_box

	-->

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Orange box" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="OrangeBox" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Vermilion box" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="VermilionBox" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Magenta box" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="MagentaBox" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hack" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hacking" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hacker" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="crack" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="cracking" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="cracker" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="phreak" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="phreaking" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="phreaker" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>security</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AAGP" completeForm="Acision Application Gateway Provisioning" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="GAS" completeForm="Generic application server" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="CPS" completeForm="Central provisioning system" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="AAG" completeForm="Acision Application Gateway" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="OMG" completeForm="Open Messaging Gateway" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="GBG" completeForm="General Billing Gateway" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="AFG" completeForm="Acision Flexible Gateway" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="TGC" completeForm="Test Gateway Component" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="UGC" completeForm="Universal Gateway Component" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="BMSC" completeForm="Broadband Messaging Service Centre" language="en"/>

		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Fusion" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>acision</tag>

		<tag>messaging</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="UGC" completeForm="user generated content" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="VCS" completeForm="version control system" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>

	<concept>

		<term abbreviation="SCM" completeForm="software configuration management" language="en"/>

		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>

		<tag>computer</tag>

	</concept>