franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: GNU Free Documentation License franta-hg@1: Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies franta-hg@1: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 0. PREAMBLE franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other franta-hg@1: functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to franta-hg@1: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, franta-hg@1: with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. franta-hg@1: Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way franta-hg@1: to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible franta-hg@1: for modifications made by others. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative franta-hg@1: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It franta-hg@1: complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft franta-hg@1: license designed for free software. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free franta-hg@1: software, because free software needs free documentation: a free franta-hg@1: program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the franta-hg@1: software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; franta-hg@1: it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or franta-hg@1: whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License franta-hg@1: principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that franta-hg@1: contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be franta-hg@1: distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a franta-hg@1: world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that franta-hg@1: work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, franta-hg@1: refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a franta-hg@1: licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you franta-hg@1: copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission franta-hg@1: under copyright law. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the franta-hg@1: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with franta-hg@1: modifications and/or translated into another language. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of franta-hg@1: the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the franta-hg@1: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall franta-hg@1: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall franta-hg@1: directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in franta-hg@1: part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain franta-hg@1: any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical franta-hg@1: connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, franta-hg@1: commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding franta-hg@1: them. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles franta-hg@1: are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice franta-hg@1: that says that the Document is released under this License. If a franta-hg@1: section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not franta-hg@1: allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero franta-hg@1: Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant franta-hg@1: Sections then there are none. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, franta-hg@1: as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that franta-hg@1: the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may franta-hg@1: be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, franta-hg@1: represented in a format whose specification is available to the franta-hg@1: general public, that is suitable for revising the document franta-hg@1: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of franta-hg@1: pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available franta-hg@1: drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or franta-hg@1: for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input franta-hg@1: to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file franta-hg@1: format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart franta-hg@1: or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. franta-hg@1: An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount franta-hg@1: of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain franta-hg@1: ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML franta-hg@1: or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple franta-hg@1: HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of franta-hg@1: transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats franta-hg@1: include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by franta-hg@1: proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or franta-hg@1: processing tools are not generally available, and the franta-hg@1: machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word franta-hg@1: processors for output purposes only. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, franta-hg@1: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material franta-hg@1: this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in franta-hg@1: formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means franta-hg@1: the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, franta-hg@1: preceding the beginning of the body of the text. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The "publisher" means any person or entity that distributes copies of franta-hg@1: the Document to the public. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose franta-hg@1: title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following franta-hg@1: text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a franta-hg@1: specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", franta-hg@1: "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" franta-hg@1: of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a franta-hg@1: section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which franta-hg@1: states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty franta-hg@1: Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this franta-hg@1: License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other franta-hg@1: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has franta-hg@1: no effect on the meaning of this License. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 2. VERBATIM COPYING franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either franta-hg@1: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the franta-hg@1: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies franta-hg@1: to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no franta-hg@1: other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use franta-hg@1: technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further franta-hg@1: copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept franta-hg@1: compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough franta-hg@1: number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and franta-hg@1: you may publicly display copies. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have franta-hg@1: printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the franta-hg@1: Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the franta-hg@1: copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover franta-hg@1: Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on franta-hg@1: the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify franta-hg@1: you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present franta-hg@1: the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and franta-hg@1: visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. franta-hg@1: Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve franta-hg@1: the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated franta-hg@1: as verbatim copying in other respects. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit franta-hg@1: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit franta-hg@1: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent franta-hg@1: pages. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering franta-hg@1: more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent franta-hg@1: copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy franta-hg@1: a computer-network location from which the general network-using franta-hg@1: public has access to download using public-standard network protocols franta-hg@1: a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. franta-hg@1: If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, franta-hg@1: when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure franta-hg@1: that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated franta-hg@1: location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an franta-hg@1: Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that franta-hg@1: edition to the public. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the franta-hg@1: Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to franta-hg@1: give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the franta-hg@1: Document. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 4. MODIFICATIONS franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under franta-hg@1: the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release franta-hg@1: the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified franta-hg@1: Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution franta-hg@1: and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy franta-hg@1: of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct franta-hg@1: from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions franta-hg@1: (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section franta-hg@1: of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version franta-hg@1: if the original publisher of that version gives permission. franta-hg@1: B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities franta-hg@1: responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified franta-hg@1: Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the franta-hg@1: Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), franta-hg@1: unless they release you from this requirement. franta-hg@1: C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the franta-hg@1: Modified Version, as the publisher. franta-hg@1: D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. franta-hg@1: E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications franta-hg@1: adjacent to the other copyright notices. franta-hg@1: F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice franta-hg@1: giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the franta-hg@1: terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. franta-hg@1: G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections franta-hg@1: and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. franta-hg@1: H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. franta-hg@1: I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add franta-hg@1: to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and franta-hg@1: publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If franta-hg@1: there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one franta-hg@1: stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as franta-hg@1: given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified franta-hg@1: Version as stated in the previous sentence. franta-hg@1: J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for franta-hg@1: public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise franta-hg@1: the network locations given in the Document for previous versions franta-hg@1: it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. franta-hg@1: You may omit a network location for a work that was published at franta-hg@1: least four years before the Document itself, or if the original franta-hg@1: publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. franta-hg@1: K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", franta-hg@1: Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all franta-hg@1: the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements franta-hg@1: and/or dedications given therein. franta-hg@1: L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, franta-hg@1: unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers franta-hg@1: or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. franta-hg@1: M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section franta-hg@1: may not be included in the Modified Version. franta-hg@1: N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" franta-hg@1: or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. franta-hg@1: O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or franta-hg@1: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material franta-hg@1: copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all franta-hg@1: of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the franta-hg@1: list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. franta-hg@1: These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains franta-hg@1: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various franta-hg@1: parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has franta-hg@1: been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a franta-hg@1: standard. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a franta-hg@1: passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list franta-hg@1: of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of franta-hg@1: Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or franta-hg@1: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already franta-hg@1: includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or franta-hg@1: by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, franta-hg@1: you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit franta-hg@1: permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License franta-hg@1: give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or franta-hg@1: imply endorsement of any Modified Version. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may combine the Document with other documents released under this franta-hg@1: License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified franta-hg@1: versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the franta-hg@1: Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and franta-hg@1: list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its franta-hg@1: license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and franta-hg@1: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single franta-hg@1: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but franta-hg@1: different contents, make the title of each such section unique by franta-hg@1: adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original franta-hg@1: author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. franta-hg@1: Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of franta-hg@1: Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" franta-hg@1: in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled franta-hg@1: "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", franta-hg@1: and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections franta-hg@1: Entitled "Endorsements". franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other franta-hg@1: documents released under this License, and replace the individual franta-hg@1: copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy franta-hg@1: that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules franta-hg@1: of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all franta-hg@1: other respects. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and franta-hg@1: distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a franta-hg@1: copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this franta-hg@1: License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that franta-hg@1: document. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate franta-hg@1: and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or franta-hg@1: distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright franta-hg@1: resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights franta-hg@1: of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. franta-hg@1: When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not franta-hg@1: apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves franta-hg@1: derivative works of the Document. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these franta-hg@1: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of franta-hg@1: the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on franta-hg@1: covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the franta-hg@1: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. franta-hg@1: Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole franta-hg@1: aggregate. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 8. TRANSLATION franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may franta-hg@1: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. franta-hg@1: Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special franta-hg@1: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include franta-hg@1: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the franta-hg@1: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a franta-hg@1: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the franta-hg@1: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include franta-hg@1: the original English version of this License and the original versions franta-hg@1: of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between franta-hg@1: the translation and the original version of this License or a notice franta-hg@1: or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", franta-hg@1: "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve franta-hg@1: its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual franta-hg@1: title. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 9. TERMINATION franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document franta-hg@1: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt franta-hg@1: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and franta-hg@1: will automatically terminate your rights under this License. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license franta-hg@1: from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, franta-hg@1: unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally franta-hg@1: terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder franta-hg@1: fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to franta-hg@1: 60 days after the cessation. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is franta-hg@1: reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the franta-hg@1: violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have franta-hg@1: received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that franta-hg@1: copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after franta-hg@1: your receipt of the notice. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the franta-hg@1: licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under franta-hg@1: this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently franta-hg@1: reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does franta-hg@1: not give you any rights to use it. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the franta-hg@1: GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions franta-hg@1: will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in franta-hg@1: detail to address new problems or concerns. See franta-hg@1: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. franta-hg@1: If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this franta-hg@1: License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of franta-hg@1: following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or franta-hg@1: of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the franta-hg@1: Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version franta-hg@1: number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not franta-hg@1: as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document franta-hg@1: specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this franta-hg@1: License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a franta-hg@1: version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the franta-hg@1: Document. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: 11. RELICENSING franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any franta-hg@1: World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also franta-hg@1: provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A franta-hg@1: public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A franta-hg@1: "Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site franta-hg@1: means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: "CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 franta-hg@1: license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit franta-hg@1: corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, franta-hg@1: California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license franta-hg@1: published by that same organization. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: "Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in franta-hg@1: part, as part of another Document. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this franta-hg@1: License, and if all works that were first published under this License franta-hg@1: somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or franta-hg@1: in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and franta-hg@1: (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site franta-hg@1: under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, franta-hg@1: provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of franta-hg@1: the License in the document and put the following copyright and franta-hg@1: license notices just after the title page: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. franta-hg@1: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document franta-hg@1: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 franta-hg@1: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; franta-hg@1: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. franta-hg@1: A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU franta-hg@1: Free Documentation License". franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, franta-hg@1: replace the "with...Texts." line with this: franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the franta-hg@1: Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other franta-hg@1: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the franta-hg@1: situation. franta-hg@1: franta-hg@1: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we franta-hg@1: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of franta-hg@1: free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, franta-hg@1: to permit their use in free software.