data/dictionary.xml
author František Kučera <franta-hg@frantovo.cz>
Mon, 22 Jun 2020 23:11:14 +0200
changeset 152 5c878a53d3ed
parent 151 a9f1ba451247
child 153 66e05b1bbda2
permissions -rw-r--r--
add dictionary and concept IDs + some documentation
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <!--
     3 Free Telco Dictionary
     4 Copyright © 2013 František Kučera (frantovo.cz)
     5 
     6 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
     7 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
     8 published by the Free Software Foundation;
     9 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
    10 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
    11 Free Documentation License".
    12 
    13 You should have received a copy of the GNU Free Documentation License
    14 along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
    15 -->
    16 <dictionary xmlns="https://telco.frantovo.cz/xmlns/dictionary">
    17 	
    18 	<id>fca6b6ec-34dd-4cb2-83a3-d1b8ceccb296</id>
    19 
    20 	<tags>
    21 		<tag id="acision" name="Acision" description="comes from Acision or is specific for this company"/>
    22 		<tag id="ericsson" name="Ericsson" description="comes from Ericsson or is specific for this company"/>
    23 		<tag id="nsn" name="Nokia Siemens Networks" description="comes from Nokia Siemens Networks or is specific for this company"/>
    24 		
    25 		<tag id="charging" name="Charging" description="charging, billing"/>
    26 		<tag id="messaging" name="Messaging" description="sending messages, receiving messages (SMS, MMS etc.)"/>
    27 		
    28 		<tag id="computer" name="Computer" description="general IS/ICT term"/>
    29 		<tag id="general" name="General" description="general term"/>
    30 		<tag id="finance" name="Finance" description="financial term"/>
    31 		
    32 		<tag id="java" name="Java" description="Java and other JVM languages"/>
    33 		<tag id="xml" name="XML" description="eXtensible Markup Language"/>
    34 		<tag id="security" name="Security" description="security and cryptography"/>
    35 		<tag id="protocol" name="Protocol" description="communication protocol"/>
    36 	</tags>
    37 
    38 	<concept>
    39 		<term abbreviation="MVNO" completeForm="mobile virtual network operator" language="en"/>
    40 		<term abbreviation="MOLO" completeForm="mobile other licensed operator" language="en"/><!-- in the United Kingdom -->
    41 		<explanation language="en"><text>a provider which does not have own wireless network infrastructure; but does marketing and sets the prices for subscribers</text></explanation>
    42 	</concept>
    43 	<concept>
    44 		<term abbreviation="MVNE" completeForm="mobile virtual network enabler" language="en"/>
    45 		<explanation language="en"><text>a company that provides technical services to MVNO thus MVNO can focus on marketing, pricing, brand and customer care</text></explanation>
    46 	</concept>
    47 	<concept>
    48 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hot billing" language="en"/>
    49 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="late billing" language="en"/>
    50 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="latebiller" language="en"/>
    51 		<explanation language="en">
    52 			<text>
    53 				a technique used in charging;
    54 				for pre-paid subscribers the standard way to charge services is online
    55 				– subscriber's balance is checked in the billing system and if sufficient, the service (e.g. sending a SMS) is provided, otherwise the service is denied;
    56 				if the billing system is not currently available (so we can't say if the subscriber's balance is high enough), we can provide the service anyway and try to charge it later;
    57 				this feature requires saving state (transactions which weren't charged yet) in some persitent storage (CDR files, SQL database etc.)
    58 				and can be done at the billing gateway or directly at system like SMSC
    59 			</text>
    60 		</explanation>
    61 		<tag>charging</tag>
    62 	</concept>
    63 	<concept>
    64 		<term abbreviation="SMS" completeForm="short message service" language="en"/>
    65 		<explanation language="en">
    66 			<text>
    67 				a service or particular short text message sent from or to a mobile phone;
    68 				length of the content in one message is 140 bytes (octets), the number of characters depends on encoding, if 7-bit one is used, it is well known 160 characters;
    69 				the number „160“ is iconic for SMS
    70 			</text>
    71 		</explanation>
    72 		<tag>messaging</tag>
    73 	</concept>
    74 	<concept>
    75 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="octet" language="en"/>
    76 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="byte" language="en"/>
    77 		<explanation language="en">
    78 			<text>
    79 				a unit of digital information;
    80 				byte (almost always) consists of 8 bits, which means 256 possible values (2^8);
    81 				octet is a synonym for 8-bit byte which accents that we really mean the 8-bit byte (and not e.g. the 7-bit one)
    82 			</text>
    83 		</explanation>
    84 		<tag>computer</tag>
    85 	</concept>
    86 	<concept>
    87 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="octet string" language="en"/>
    88 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="OctetString" language="en"/>
    89 		<explanation language="en">
    90 			<text>
    91 				a basic data type in ASN.1, LDAP and other protocols;
    92 				just a byte array – an ordered sequence of zero or more octets;
    93 				can contain human readable text (in any character encoding) or any binary data;
    94 				the most generic data type
    95 			</text>
    96 		</explanation>
    97 	</concept>
    98 	<concept>
    99 		<term abbreviation="MMS" completeForm="multimedia messaging service" language="en"/>
   100 		<explanation language="en">
   101 			<text>
   102 				a service or particular multimedia message sent from or to a mobile phone;
   103 				in contrast to SMS, supports not only text but also pictures, videos, sounds…
   104 				thus subscriber can take a photo by his mobile phone and easily send it to a friend;
   105 				other use case is AOMT messaging e.g. news with pictures or some premium content;
   106 				MMS requires special infrastructure including MMSC deployed by the operator
   107 			</text>
   108 		</explanation>
   109 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   110 	</concept>
   111 	<concept>
   112 		<term abbreviation="DMS" completeForm="donors message service" language="en"/>
   113 		<term abbreviation="DMS" completeForm="dárcovská SMS" language="cs"/>
   114 		<explanation language="en">
   115 			<text>
   116 				specific kind of MOAT short message which is used to donate money to charity or some organization;
   117 				the donation is charged from sender's pre-paid balance or in his monthly bill alongside the fees for placed calls and sent SMS
   118 			</text>
   119 		</explanation>
   120 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   121 	</concept>
   122 	<concept>
   123 		<term abbreviation="EMS" completeForm="enhanced messaging service" language="en"/>
   124 		<explanation language="en">
   125 			<text>
   126 				an application-level extension to SMS;
   127 				adds some new features like formatted text, pictures or sounds
   128 				but works with existing networks (unlike MMS which requires new infrastructure)
   129 			</text>
   130 		</explanation>
   131 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   132 	</concept>
   133 	<concept>
   134 		<term abbreviation="SMIL" completeForm="synchronized multimedia integration language" language="en"/>
   135 		<explanation language="en">
   136 			<text>
   137 				a markup language for describing multimedia presentations;
   138 				describes timing, layout, animations etc.
   139 			</text>
   140 		</explanation>
   141 		<tag>computer</tag>
   142 		<tag>xml</tag>
   143 	</concept>
   144 	<concept>
   145 		<term abbreviation="SVG" completeForm="scalable vector graphics" language="en"/>
   146 		<explanation language="en"><text>an XML-based file format for vector graphics</text></explanation>
   147 		<tag>computer</tag>
   148 		<tag>xml</tag>
   149 	</concept>
   150 	<concept>
   151 		<term abbreviation="IM" completeForm="instant messaging" language="en"/>
   152 		<term abbreviation="OTT" completeForm="over the top" language="en"/>
   153 		<explanation language="en">
   154 			<text>
   155 				a kind of electronic communication between two persons or a group chat;
   156 				compared to e-mail, IM messages are short (few words, sentence) and the other side is expected (depending on his/her online status) to read and respond it immediately;
   157 				compared to SMS, IM messages are cheap – typically free of charge;
   158 				important IM feature is presence – the sender knows current status of the recipient: online, offline, away, busy etc.;
   159 				IM is rooted in the computer world but nowadays it is often used also on mobile phones as an alternative to (expensive) SMS – in such case it is called OTT and requires mobile Internet connectivity;
   160 				IM messages are usually transferred over an TCP/IP protocol – good example is Jabber/XMPP which is free and open protocol for IM and presence based on XML
   161 			</text>
   162 		</explanation>
   163 		<tag>computer</tag>
   164 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   165 	</concept>
   166 	<concept>
   167 		<term abbreviation="IMS" completeForm="IP Multimedia Subsystem" language="en"/>
   168 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   169 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   170 	</concept>
   171 	<concept>
   172 		<term abbreviation="RCS" completeForm="Rich Communication Suite" language="en"/>
   173 		<term abbreviation="RCSE" completeForm="" language="en"/>
   174 		<term abbreviation="RCSx" completeForm="" language="en"/>
   175 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Joyn" language="en"/>
   176 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   177 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   178 	</concept>
   179 	<concept>
   180 		<term abbreviation="XMPP" completeForm="extensible messaging and presence protocol" language="en"/>
   181 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="jabber" language="en"/><!-- original name -->
   182 		<explanation language="en">
   183 			<text>
   184 				a communication protocol for messaging based on XML;
   185 				used for transferring
   186 					IM messages,
   187 					presence information (statuses like: online, busy, away etc.),
   188 					contact list (called roster here) management,
   189 					signaling of VoIP and video, file transfers etc.;
   190 				can be also used as generic messaging protocol for connecting computer systems (not only human-human interaction)
   191 				or for human-computer interaction (for accessing services like dictionaries, weather forecast or TV guide)
   192 			</text>
   193 		</explanation>
   194 		<tag>computer</tag>
   195 		<tag>xml</tag>
   196 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   197 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   198 	</concept>
   199 	<concept>
   200 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="roster" language="en"/>
   201 		<explanation language="en"><text>a contact list; term used by Jabber/XMPP</text>
   202 		</explanation>
   203 		<tag>computer</tag>
   204 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   205 	</concept>
   206 	<concept>
   207 		<term abbreviation="IMAP4" completeForm="Internet message access protocol version 4" language="en"/>
   208 		<term abbreviation="IMAP" completeForm="Internet message access protocol" language="en"/>
   209 		<explanation language="en">
   210 			<text>
   211 				a text-based client-server protocol for accessing e-mail mailbox;
   212 				supports
   213 					multiple hierarchical folders (inbox, sent, drafts… or user defined),
   214 					marging messages with tags/flags,
   215 					notifications of new messages from server to client (the client does not have to periodically check the inbox and just waits for new messages),
   216 					full-text search and other features;
   217 				messages usually stays at server storage after reading which allows using multiple client programs/devices;
   218 				is more complex than POP3 protocol;
   219 				uses TCP and standard port is 143 (STARTTLS or unencrypted) or 993 (SSL/TLS)
   220 			</text>
   221 		</explanation>
   222 		<tag>computer</tag>
   223 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   224 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   225 	</concept>
   226 	<concept>
   227 		<term abbreviation="POP3" completeForm="post office protocol version 3" language="en"/>
   228 		<term abbreviation="POP" completeForm="post office protocol" language="en"/>
   229 		<explanation language="en">
   230 			<text>
   231 				a text-based client-server protocol for accessing e-mail mailbox;
   232 				messages are usually deleted from server after reading and are stored only on the client side;
   233 				nowadays the more advanced IMAP4 protocol is often used instead of POP3;
   234 				uses TCP and standard port is 110 (STARTTLS or unencrypted) or 995 (SSL/TLS)
   235 			</text>
   236 		</explanation>
   237 		<tag>computer</tag>
   238 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   239 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   240 	</concept>
   241 	<concept>
   242 		<term abbreviation="SMTP" completeForm="simple mail transfer protocol" language="en"/>
   243 		<term abbreviation="ESMTP" completeForm="Extended SMTP" language="en"/>
   244 		<explanation language="en">
   245 			<text>
   246 				a text-based client-server protocol for sending e-mail messages
   247 				uses TCP and standard port is 25 (STARTTLS or unencrypted) or 465 (SSL/TLS) or 587 (STARTTLS or unencrypted for Message Submission – RFC 6409);
   248 				is defined in RFC 5321
   249 			</text>
   250 		</explanation>
   251 		<tag>computer</tag>
   252 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   253 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   254 	</concept>
   255 	<concept>
   256 		<term abbreviation="LMTP" completeForm="local mail transfer protocol" language="en"/>
   257 		<explanation language="en">
   258 			<text>
   259 				a derivative of ESMTP designed for transferring messages locally from MTA component to MDA (mail storage, no queue);
   260 				uses TCP/IP but must not use port 25 (SMTP);
   261 				is defined in RFC 2033
   262 			</text>
   263 		</explanation>
   264 		<tag>computer</tag>
   265 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   266 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   267 	</concept>
   268 	<concept>
   269 		<term abbreviation="MUA" completeForm="mail user agent" language="en"/>
   270 		<explanation language="en">
   271 			<text>
   272 				an e-mail client – a software used for managing user's e-mail;
   273 				because the MUA (like most client software) runs only when user needs it,
   274 					the messages from the Internet are received by a remote MTA over the SMTP protocol,
   275 					then delivered using an MDA into user's remote mailbox,
   276 					from which they are obtained by the MUA using POP3 or IMAP4 protocols;
   277 				when sending an e-mail, the MUA composes the message in RFC 5322 format and then submits it using the SMTP protocol to a MTA or MSA server;
   278 				examples of MUA: Mozilla Thunderbird, KMail, Evolution, Mutt, Lotus Notes
   279 			</text>
   280 		</explanation>
   281 		<tag>computer</tag>
   282 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   283 	</concept>
   284 	<concept>
   285 		<term abbreviation="MTA" completeForm="message transfer agent" language="en"/>
   286 		<term abbreviation="MTA" completeForm="mail transfer agent" language="en"/>
   287 		<term abbreviation="MX" completeForm=" mail exchanger" language="en"/>
   288 		<explanation language="en">
   289 			<text>
   290 				a software component which transferres e-mails from one computer to another using SMTP protocol (implements both sending and receiving);
   291 				messages can be passed over network (relayed) or for local recipients stored locally (passing them to the MDA using LMTP);
   292 				examples of MTA: Postfix, Sendmail, Exim, Courier Mail Server, Apache James
   293 			</text>
   294 		</explanation>
   295 		<tag>computer</tag>
   296 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   297 	</concept>
   298 	<concept>
   299 		<term abbreviation="MSA" completeForm="message submission agent" language="en"/>
   300 		<explanation language="en">
   301 			<text>
   302 				a software component dedicated to receive e-mails from MUA;
   303 				cooperates with MTA or is often integrated in MTA as one of its features;
   304 				uses a variant of SMTP (RFC 6409) and TCP port 587 (different than SMTP/MTA port 25)
   305 			</text>
   306 		</explanation>
   307 		<tag>computer</tag>
   308 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   309 	</concept>
   310 	<concept>
   311 		<term abbreviation="MDA" completeForm="message delivery agent" language="en"/>
   312 		<term abbreviation="LDA" completeForm="local delivery agent" language="en"/>
   313 		<explanation language="en">
   314 			<text>
   315 				a software component that receives e-mail from the MTA and stores them in the recipient's mailbox;
   316 				the MDA can also apply Sieve filters on processed messages;
   317 				examples of MDA: Dovecot, Cyrus IMAP, procmail, maildrop
   318 			</text>
   319 		</explanation>
   320 		<tag>computer</tag>
   321 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   322 	</concept>
   323 	<concept>
   324 		<term abbreviation="MRA" completeForm="message retrieval agent" language="en"/>
   325 		<explanation language="en">
   326 			<text>
   327 				a software component that fetches e-mails from remote server (over POP3 or IMAP4 protocol)
   328 				and then passes them to the MDA for local storage, or over SMTP to an MTA, or directly delivers it to the mailbox, or prints to standard output etc.;
   329 				implements pull (not push) approach: fetches messages periodically (or on user's demand)
   330 				instead of waiting for incoming messages and receiving them immediatelly when they emerge (like MTA does);
   331 				examples of MRA: fetchmail, getmail
   332 			</text>
   333 		</explanation>
   334 		<tag>computer</tag>
   335 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   336 	</concept>
   337 	<concept>
   338 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="sieve" language="en"/>
   339 		<explanation language="en">
   340 			<text>
   341 				a standardized language for describing e-mail filters;
   342 				the MDA can apply system-wide or user-defined filters on incoming messages;
   343 				a filter has conditions (connected by logical operators: AND, OR…) like „message header contains value X“
   344 				and actions that will be done with the message like „file into folder X“ or „add flag/label X“ or „redirect message to some.address@example.com“ or „discard message“;
   345 				filters are executed on the server where MDA resides,
   346 				so they are independent of the MUA currently used by the user
   347 				and works even if the user is offline (useful for OOTO messages when the user is on vacation)
   348 			</text>
   349 		</explanation>
   350 		<tag>computer</tag>
   351 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   352 	</concept>
   353 	<concept>
   354 		<term abbreviation="OOTO" completeForm="out of the office" language="en"/>
   355 		<explanation language="en">
   356 			<text>
   357 				an automatic response on a message (e-mail, SMS etc.) which is sent when the recipient is for example on vacation and can't respond immediately;
   358 				in case of e-mail it can be easily configured as a Sieve filter
   359 			</text>
   360 		</explanation>
   361 		<tag>computer</tag>
   362 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   363 	</concept>
   364 	<concept>
   365 		<term abbreviation="MIME" completeForm="multipurpose Internet mail extensions" language="en"/>
   366 		<explanation language="en">
   367 			<text>
   368 				an Internet standard for extended e-mail format which supports
   369 					international character sets for body parts,
   370 					international characters in message headers,
   371 					attachements of various types,
   372 					multipart messages;
   373 				MIME message itself is a human-readable text starting with header section and having one or more body parts;
   374 				binary or non-ASCII values are encoded in several ways described by the MIME's RFCs;
   375 				the content types defined by MIME is used also outside of e-mail – for indicating format of the content in HTTP, databases or operating systems
   376 			</text>
   377 		</explanation>
   378 		<tag>computer</tag>
   379 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   380 	</concept>
   381 	<concept>
   382 		<term abbreviation="SAP" completeForm="sms application protocol" language="en"/>
   383 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   384 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   385 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   386 	</concept>
   387 	<concept>
   388 		<term abbreviation="SPID" completeForm="service provider ID" language="en"/>
   389 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   390 	</concept>
   391 	<concept>
   392 		<term abbreviation="UTF-8" completeForm="unicode transformation format 8-bit" language="en"/>
   393 		<explanation language="en">
   394 			<text>
   395 				an character encoding that can represent every character in the Unicode character set;
   396 				is multibyte and variable-width encoding which means that one character can be represented by one or more bytes
   397 				(i.e. character length of the text does not have to be equal to byte lenght of the data),
   398 				in case of UTF-8 it is from 1 byte up to 6 bytes per character;
   399 				is backward compatible with ASCII – one-byte characters in UTF-8 are encoded in same way as in ACSII;
   400 				nowadays is widely used: on web, in e-mail, in operating systems (file names), in XML files etc.
   401 			</text>
   402 		</explanation>
   403 	</concept>
   404 	<concept>
   405 		<term abbreviation="UCS-2" completeForm="universal character set 2-byte" language="en"/>
   406 		<explanation language="en">
   407 			<text>
   408 				an multibyte but fixed-length (2 byte) character encoding;
   409 				sometimes is used for SMS when international characters are needed – such single message has only 70 characters instead of 160 (7-bit encoding);
   410 				for general use it was superseded by UTF-16 (in Unicode 2.0 in 1996)
   411 			</text>
   412 		</explanation>
   413 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   414 	</concept>
   415 	<concept>
   416 		<term abbreviation="UTF-16" completeForm="unicode transformation format 16-bit" language="en"/>
   417 		<explanation language="en">
   418 			<text>
   419 				an multibyte and variable-width encoding for Unicode codepoints from 0 to 0x10FFFF;
   420 				successor of UCS-2 encoding (for range 0-0xFFFF they have same values)
   421 			</text>
   422 		</explanation>
   423 		<tag>computer</tag>
   424 	</concept>
   425 	<concept>
   426 		<term abbreviation="SMPP" completeForm="short message peer-to-peer" language="en"/>
   427 		<explanation language="en">
   428 			<text>
   429 				open and industry standard protocol for transferring SMS messages among service centers (SC), applications (ESME) and routing entities (RE);
   430 				was designed by the Aldiscon company (later Logica CMG and later Acision);
   431 				binary PDUs are transported over TCP/IP or X.25 connection
   432 			</text>
   433 		</explanation>
   434 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   435 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   436 		<tag>acision</tag>
   437 	</concept>
   438 	<concept>
   439 		<term abbreviation="NMS" completeForm="network management system" language="en"/>
   440 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   441 		<tag>computer</tag>
   442 	</concept>
   443 	<concept>
   444 		<term abbreviation="SNMP" completeForm="simple network management protocol" language="en"/>
   445 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   446 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   447 	</concept>
   448 	<concept>
   449 		<term abbreviation="MIB" completeForm="management information base" language="en"/>
   450 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   451 		<tag>computer</tag>
   452 	</concept>
   453 	<concept>
   454 		<term abbreviation="OID" completeForm="object identifier" language="en"/>
   455 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   456 		<tag>computer</tag>
   457 	</concept>
   458 	<concept>
   459 		<term abbreviation="SPBP" completeForm="SMS prepaid billing protocol" language="en"/>
   460 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   461 		<tag>charging</tag>
   462 		<tag>acision</tag>
   463 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   464 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   465 	</concept>
   466 	<concept>
   467 		<term abbreviation="RTPP" completeForm="Real Time Payment Protocol" language="en"/>
   468 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   469 		<tag>charging</tag>
   470 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   471 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   472 	</concept>
   473 	<concept>
   474 		<term abbreviation="BIP" completeForm="billing interface protocol" language="en"/>
   475 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   476 		<tag>charging</tag>
   477 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   478 	</concept>
   479 	<concept>
   480 		<term abbreviation="LTE" completeForm="Long Term Evolution" language="en"/>
   481 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   482 	</concept>
   483 	<concept>
   484 		<term abbreviation="VoLTE" completeForm="Voice over LTE" language="en"/>
   485 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   486 	</concept>
   487 	<concept>
   488 		<term abbreviation="FTTH" completeForm=" fiber to the home" language="en"/>
   489 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   490 	</concept>
   491 	<concept>
   492 		<term abbreviation="CIC" completeForm="Carrier Identification Code" language="en"/>
   493 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   494 	</concept>
   495 	<concept>
   496 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="E.164" language="en"/>
   497 		<explanation language="en">
   498 			<text>
   499 				an ITU-T recommendation;
   500 				full title: The international public telecommunication numbering plan;
   501 				defines the numbering plan of the PSTN and general format of international phone numbers
   502 			</text>
   503 		</explanation>
   504 	</concept>
   505 	<concept>
   506 		<term abbreviation="MSISDN" completeForm="mobile subscriber integrated services digital network number" language="en"/>
   507 		<term abbreviation="MSISDN" completeForm="mobile subscriber ISDN number" language="en"/>
   508 		<term abbreviation="MSISDN" completeForm="mobile station international ISDN number" language="en"/>
   509 		<explanation language="en">
   510 			<text>
   511 				a globally unique indentifier of a subscription in a GSM or a UMTS network;
   512 				follows numbering plan defined by E.164 – international phone number
   513 			</text>
   514 		</explanation>
   515 	</concept>
   516 	<concept>
   517 		<term abbreviation="IMEI" completeForm="international mobile station equipment identity" language="en"/>
   518 		<explanation language="en">
   519 			<text>
   520 				a number used to identify GSM, UMTS, LTE, iDEN or satelite mobile phones;
   521 				it identifies the device not the subscribtion (like IMSI or MSISDN);
   522 				on most phones can be displayed by typing *#06#
   523 			</text>
   524 		</explanation>
   525 	</concept>
   526 	<concept>
   527 		<term abbreviation="IMSI" completeForm="international mobile subscriber identity" language="en"/>
   528 		<explanation language="en">
   529 			<text>
   530 				a globally unique identifier stored on the SIM card used in GSM, UMTS and LTE networks;
   531 				a 64 bit value usually presented as 15 digit number;
   532 				consists of MCC (country code), MNC (network code) and MSIN (subscription ID)
   533 			</text>
   534 		</explanation>
   535 	</concept>
   536 	<concept>
   537 		<term abbreviation="MCC" completeForm="mobile country code" language="en"/>
   538 		<explanation language="en">
   539 			<text>
   540 				a unique numeric identifier of a country;
   541 				a part of IMSI;
   542 				often used in tuple with MNC;
   543 			</text>
   544 		</explanation>
   545 	</concept>
   546 	<!--
   547 		Lists of MCC/MNC:
   548 		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_country_code
   549 		http://wammu.eu/tools/countries/
   550 		http://wammu.eu/tools/networks/
   551 	-->
   552 	<concept>
   553 		<term abbreviation="MNC" completeForm="mobile network code" language="en"/>
   554 		<explanation language="en">
   555 			<text>
   556 				a unique numeric identifier of a mobile network (carrier);
   557 				a part of IMSI;
   558 				often used in tuple with MCC
   559 			</text>
   560 		</explanation>
   561 	</concept>
   562 	<concept>
   563 		<term abbreviation="MSIN" completeForm="mobile subscription identification number" language="en"/>
   564 		<term abbreviation="MIN" completeForm="mobile identification number" language="en"/>
   565 		<explanation language="en">
   566 			<text>
   567 				a part of IMSI
   568 			</text>
   569 		</explanation>
   570 	</concept>
   571 	<concept>
   572 		<term abbreviation="Ki" completeForm="" language="en"/>
   573 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   574 	</concept>
   575 	<concept>
   576 		<term abbreviation="SIM" completeForm="subscriber identification module" language="en"/>
   577 		<term abbreviation="SIM" completeForm="subscriber identity module" language="en"/>
   578 		<explanation language="en">
   579 			<text>
   580 				a smartcard which contains IMSI, ke and cryptographic functions;
   581 				is used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile phone networks
   582 			</text>
   583 		</explanation>
   584 	</concept>
   585 	<concept>
   586 		<term abbreviation="ICCID" completeForm="integrated circuit card identifier" language="en"/>
   587 		<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_identity_module#ICCID -->
   588 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   589 	</concept>
   590 	<concept>
   591 		<term abbreviation="GT" completeForm="global title" language="en"/>
   592 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   593 	</concept>
   594 	<concept>
   595 		<term abbreviation="SCCP" completeForm="signalling connection control part" language="en"/>
   596 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   597 	</concept>
   598 	<concept>
   599 		<term abbreviation="MWC" completeForm="Mobile World Congress" language="en"/>
   600 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   601 	</concept>
   602 	<concept>
   603 		<term abbreviation="ITU" completeForm="International Telecommunication Union" language="en"/>
   604 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   605 	</concept>
   606 	<concept>
   607 		<term abbreviation="3GPP" completeForm="3rd Generation Partnership Project" language="en"/>
   608 		<term abbreviation="TGPP" completeForm="Third Generation Partnership Project" language="en"/><!-- used as an identifier if can not start with number -->
   609 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   610 	</concept>
   611 	<concept>
   612 		<term abbreviation="ASN.1" completeForm="abstract syntax notation one" language="en"/>
   613 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   614 	</concept>
   615 	<concept>
   616 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="X.400" language="en"/>
   617 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   618 	</concept>
   619 	<concept>
   620 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="X.500" language="en"/>
   621 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   622 	</concept>
   623 	<concept>
   624 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="X.509" language="en"/>
   625 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   626 		<tag>computer</tag>
   627 		<tag>security</tag>
   628 	</concept>
   629 	<concept>
   630 		<term abbreviation="BER" completeForm="basic encoding rules" language="en"/>
   631 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   632 		<tag>computer</tag>
   633 	</concept>
   634 	<concept>
   635 		<term abbreviation="DER" completeForm="distinguished encoding rules" language="en"/>
   636 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   637 		<tag>computer</tag>
   638 	</concept>
   639 	<concept>
   640 		<term abbreviation="CER" completeForm="canonical encoding rules" language="en"/>
   641 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   642 		<tag>computer</tag>
   643 	</concept>
   644 	<concept>
   645 		<term abbreviation="PER" completeForm="packed encoding rules" language="en"/>
   646 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   647 		<tag>computer</tag>
   648 	</concept>
   649 	<concept>
   650 		<term abbreviation="XER" completeForm="XML Encoding Rules" language="en"/>
   651 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   652 		<tag>computer</tag>
   653 		<tag>xml</tag>
   654 	</concept>
   655 	<concept>
   656 		<term abbreviation="EMV" completeForm="Europay, MasterCard and Visa" language="en"/>
   657 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   658 		<tag>finance</tag>
   659 	</concept>
   660 	
   661 	<concept>
   662 		<term abbreviation="AVP" completeForm="attribute-value pair" language="en"/>
   663 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   664 		<tag>computer</tag>
   665 	</concept>
   666 	<concept>
   667 		<term abbreviation="TLV" completeForm="type-length-value" language="en"/>
   668 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   669 		<tag>computer</tag>
   670 	</concept>
   671 	<concept>
   672 		<term abbreviation="PDU" completeForm="protocol data unit" language="en"/>
   673 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   674 		<tag>computer</tag>
   675 	</concept>
   676 	<concept>
   677 		<term abbreviation="MM1" completeForm="" language="en"/>
   678 		<explanation language="en">
   679 			<text>
   680 				an MMS protocol used between a Mobile Station and an MMSC;
   681 				is based on WAP and SMS
   682 			</text>
   683 		</explanation>
   684 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   685 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   686 	</concept>
   687 	<concept>
   688 		<term abbreviation="MM7" completeForm="" language="en"/>
   689 		<explanation language="en">
   690 			<text>
   691 				an MMS protocol used between an MMSC and VASP;
   692 				is based on SOAP, HTTP and MIME
   693 			</text>
   694 		</explanation>
   695 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   696 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   697 	</concept>
   698 	<concept>
   699 		<term abbreviation="AAA" completeForm="authentication, authorization and accounting" language="en"/>
   700 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   701 		<tag>computer</tag>
   702 		<tag>security</tag>
   703 	</concept>
   704 	<concept>
   705 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Diameter" language="en"/>
   706 		<explanation language="en">
   707 			<text>
   708 				an AAA protocol and a successor of the RADIUS protocol;
   709 				consists of the base protocol and many „Diameter Applications“ (protocols based on Diameter)
   710 				e.g.
   711 					Diameter Credit-Control Application,
   712 					Diameter Session Initiation Protocol Application or
   713 					Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol Application
   714 			</text>
   715 		</explanation>
   716 		<tag>security</tag>
   717 		<tag>charging</tag>
   718 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   719 	</concept>
   720 	<concept>
   721 		<term abbreviation="RADIUS" completeForm="remote access dial in user service" language="en"/>
   722 		<explanation language="en">
   723 			<text>
   724 				an AAA protocol and the predecessor of the Diameter protocol;
   725 			</text>
   726 		</explanation>
   727 		<tag>security</tag>
   728 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   729 	</concept>
   730 	<concept>
   731 		<term abbreviation="SCAP" completeForm="service charging application protocol" language="en"/>
   732 		<term abbreviation="SCAPv2" completeForm="service charging application protocol version 2" language="en"/>
   733 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Draft 8" language="en"/>
   734 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Draft-8" language="en"/>
   735 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   736 		<tag>ericsson</tag>
   737 		<tag>charging</tag>
   738 		<tag>protocol</tag>
   739 	</concept>
   740 	<concept>
   741 		<term abbreviation="DCC" completeForm="Diameter credit control" language="en"/>
   742 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   743 		<tag>charging</tag>
   744 	</concept>
   745 	<concept>
   746 		<term abbreviation="DAAC" completeForm="Diameter accounting and authorization control" language="en"/>
   747 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   748 		<tag>charging</tag>
   749 	</concept>
   750 	<concept>
   751 		<term abbreviation="SPI" completeForm="service parameter info" language="en"/>
   752 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   753 		<tag>charging</tag>
   754 	</concept>
   755 	<concept>
   756 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="result code" language="en"/>
   757 		<explanation language="en">
   758 			<text>
   759 				a number which represents the result of an operation in the Diameter protocol;
   760 				codes are divided into several groups:
   761 					1xxx – Informational,
   762 					2xxx – Success,
   763 					3xxx – Protocol errors,
   764 					4xxx – Transient failures,
   765 					5xxx – Permanent failure;
   766 				for example 2001 means success, 2002 limited success, 3001 unsupported command or 5001 unsupported AVP
   767 			</text>
   768 		</explanation>
   769 	</concept>
   770 	<concept>
   771 		<term abbreviation="CCR" completeForm="Credit-Control-Request" language="en"/>
   772 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   773 		<tag>charging</tag>
   774 	</concept>
   775 	<concept>
   776 		<term abbreviation="CCA" completeForm="Credit-Control-Answer" language="en"/>
   777 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   778 		<tag>charging</tag>
   779 	</concept>
   780 	<concept>
   781 		<term abbreviation="CCN" completeForm="Charging Control Node" language="en"/>
   782 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   783 		<tag>charging</tag>
   784 	</concept>
   785 	<concept>
   786 		<term abbreviation="IN" completeForm="Intelligent Network" language="en"/>
   787 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   788 		<tag>nsn</tag>
   789 		<tag>charging</tag>
   790 	</concept>
   791 	<concept>
   792 		<term abbreviation="BS" completeForm="billing system" language="en"/>
   793 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   794 		<tag>charging</tag>
   795 	</concept>
   796 	<concept>
   797 		<term abbreviation="CTF" completeForm="Charging Trigger Function" language="en"/>
   798 		<explanation language="en">
   799 			<text>
   800 				one of two peers involved in charging process;
   801 				CTF decides how to charge particular subscriber for specific service;
   802 				issues requests to the OCF
   803 			</text>
   804 		</explanation>
   805 		<tag>charging</tag>
   806 	</concept>
   807 	<concept>
   808 		<term abbreviation="OCF" completeForm="Online Charging Function" language="en"/>
   809 		<explanation language="en">
   810 			<text>
   811 				one of two peers involved in charging process;
   812 				accepts requests from CTF and performs actual charging
   813 				based on the message type, service logic, user's profile or other circumstances
   814 			</text>
   815 		</explanation>
   816 		<tag>charging</tag>
   817 	</concept>
   818 	<concept>
   819 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="charged party" language="en"/>
   820 		<!-- A, B, AB, - RTPP/MMSC -->
   821 		<explanation language="en">
   822 			<text>
   823 				the party (sender or recipient) who is charged for the service (e.g. SMS);
   824 				MOMT messages (or other traffic) are typically charged to the sender (A);
   825 				AOMT messages (like weather forecast or news) are typically charged to the recipient (B);
   826 				some messages can be free of charge and some can be charged to both party (AB)
   827 			</text>
   828 		</explanation>
   829 		<tag>charging</tag>
   830 	</concept>
   831 	<concept>
   832 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="subscriber" language="en"/>
   833 		<explanation language="en">
   834 			<text>
   835 				a subscriber of a mobile network, a customer of a telco operator
   836 				(but term „customer“ is ambiguous because „customer“ from SW development team point of view is the telco operator)
   837 			</text>
   838 		</explanation>
   839 	</concept>
   840 	<concept>
   841 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="SMS gateway" language="en"/>
   842 		<term abbreviation="RE" completeForm="routing entity" language="en"/>
   843 		<explanation language="en">
   844 			<text>
   845 				a software component located between the SMSC (or other service centre) and ESME (applications);
   846 				passes messages in both directions,
   847 				uses SMPP and other messaging protocols,
   848 				does routing of messages, their transformations, conversions or other operations
   849 			</text>
   850 		</explanation>
   851 	</concept>
   852 	<concept>
   853 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="pre-paid" language="en"/>
   854 		<explanation language="en">
   855 			<text>
   856 				a kind of subscription where the subscriber pays in advance
   857 				and his services are charged (usually immediately, online) from his pre-paid balance
   858 			</text>
   859 		</explanation>
   860 		<tag>charging</tag>
   861 	</concept>
   862 	<concept>
   863 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="post-paid" language="en"/>
   864 		<explanation language="en">
   865 			<text>
   866 				a kind of subscription where the subscriber pays later than he uses the services (usually monthly);
   867 				compared to pre-paid, batch processing of CDR files and offline processing is common here
   868 			</text>
   869 		</explanation>
   870 		<tag>charging</tag>
   871 	</concept>
   872 	<concept>
   873 		<term abbreviation="CDR" completeForm="call detail record" language="en"/>
   874 		<term abbreviation="SDR" completeForm="service detail record" language="en"/>
   875 		<explanation language="en">
   876 			<text>
   877 				kind of log file in machine-readable format (ASN.1, XML, CSV etc.)
   878 				which describes particular usages of a service – e.g. placed phone call, sent SMS, Internet connection;
   879 				CDR/SDR files are used for post-paid billing (not processed online but in batch) and as documentation of usage;
   880 				they must be handled carefully because they contain private information (who calls or texts who);
   881 				always respect subscriber's privacy!
   882 			</text>
   883 		</explanation>
   884 		<tag>charging</tag>
   885 	</concept>
   886 	<concept>
   887 		<term abbreviation="SDR" completeForm="software-defined radio" language="en"/>
   888 		<explanation language="en">
   889 			<text>
   890 				a radio communication system that has important parts (filters, modulators, demodulators…) implemented as computer software instead of hardware components;
   891 				examples: Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), GNU Radio (software)
   892 			</text>
   893 		</explanation>
   894 	</concept>
   895 	<concept>
   896 		<term abbreviation="MO" completeForm="mobile originated" language="en"/>
   897 		<explanation language="en">
   898 			<text>
   899 				traffic which comes from a cell phone resp. mobile network,
   900 				e.g. an SMS sent from your Handy
   901 			</text>
   902 		</explanation>
   903 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   904 	</concept>
   905 	<concept>
   906 		<term abbreviation="MT" completeForm="mobile terminated" language="en"/>
   907 		<explanation language="en">
   908 			<text>
   909 				traffic which comes to a cell phone resp. mobile network,
   910 				e.g. a received SMS
   911 			</text>
   912 		</explanation>
   913 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   914 	</concept>
   915 	<concept>
   916 		<term abbreviation="AO" completeForm="application originated" language="en"/>
   917 		<explanation language="en">
   918 			<text>
   919 				traffic which comes from an application i.e. not from the mobile network/phone,
   920 				e.g. some weather forecast messages generated by an SPA
   921 			</text>
   922 		</explanation>
   923 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   924 	</concept>
   925 	<concept>
   926 		<term abbreviation="AT" completeForm="application terminated" language="en"/>
   927 		<explanation language="en">
   928 			<text>
   929 				traffic which comes to an application i.e. not to the mobile network/phone,
   930 				e.g. message sent to an application in order to subscribe the service or to send your vote
   931 			</text>
   932 		</explanation>
   933 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   934 	</concept>
   935 	<concept>
   936 		<term abbreviation="MOMT" completeForm="mobile originated → mobile terminated" language="en"/>
   937 		<explanation language="en"><text>e.g. when Bob texts Alice from his phone to her phone</text></explanation>
   938 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   939 	</concept>
   940 	<concept>
   941 		<term abbreviation="MOAT" completeForm="mobile originated → application terminated" language="en"/>
   942 		<explanation language="en"><text>e.g. if Bob subscribes a weather forecast service by sending a message from his phone</text></explanation>
   943 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   944 	</concept>
   945 	<concept>
   946 		<term abbreviation="AOMT" completeForm="application originated → mobile terminated" language="en"/>
   947 		<explanation language="en"><text>e.g. if Alice receives to her phone a news message which she has previously subscribed</text></explanation>
   948 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   949 	</concept>
   950 	<concept>
   951 		<term abbreviation="AOAT" completeForm="application originated → application terminated" language="en"/>
   952 		<explanation language="en">
   953 			<text>
   954 				if two applications communicates over an SMS gateway and there are no cell phones involved;
   955 				this is pretty rare, but somewhere you can meet such configuration
   956 			</text>
   957 		</explanation>
   958 		<tag>messaging</tag>
   959 	</concept>
   960 	<concept>
   961 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Handy" language="de"/>
   962 		<explanation language="en"><text>a cell phone</text></explanation>
   963 	</concept>
   964 	<concept>
   965 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="billing" language="en"/>
   966 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="charging" language="en"/>
   967 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   968 		<tag>charging</tag>
   969 	</concept>
   970 	<concept>
   971 		<term abbreviation="IEC" completeForm="immediate event charging" language="en"/>
   972 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   973 		<tag>charging</tag>
   974 	</concept>
   975 	<concept>
   976 		<term abbreviation="ECUR" completeForm="event charging with unit reservation" language="en"/>
   977 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   978 		<tag>charging</tag>
   979 	</concept>
   980 	<concept>
   981 		<term abbreviation="SCUR" completeForm="session charging with unit reservation" language="en"/>
   982 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   983 		<tag>charging</tag>
   984 	</concept>
   985 	<concept>
   986 		<term abbreviation="COI" completeForm="community of interest" language="en"/>
   987 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
   988 	</concept>
   989 	<concept>
   990 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="aliasing" language="en"/>
   991 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="de-aliasing" language="en"/>
   992 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="dealiasing" language="en"/>
   993 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hashing" language="en"/>
   994 		<explanation language="en">
   995 			<text>
   996 				when a subscriber communicates with an application (MOAT/AOMT messaging)
   997 				he might not want expose his identity (MSISDN or IMSI);
   998 				the aliasing feature (sometimes called hashing) deployed on an SMS gateway enables this communication and rewrites the subscriber's ID to some generated ID;
   999 				the application can then send a response on a message without knowing subscriber's identity (on the gateway the ID is translated back to real ID – de-aliasing);
  1000 				use case:
  1001 					subscribers can vote in some survey,
  1002 					everyone will have one vote,
  1003 					but the owner of the survey will not know the opinion of particular subscibers
  1004 					because of missing their real IDs
  1005 			</text>
  1006 		</explanation>
  1007 		<tag>security</tag>
  1008 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1009 	</concept>
  1010 	<concept>
  1011 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="provisioning" language="en"/>
  1012 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1013 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1014 	</concept>
  1015 	<concept>
  1016 		<term abbreviation="CP" completeForm="content provider" language="en"/>
  1017 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1018 	</concept>
  1019 	<concept>
  1020 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="short code" language="en"/>
  1021 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="short number" language="en"/>
  1022 		<explanation language="en">
  1023 			<text>
  1024 				a special kind of phone number which has few digits (e.g. four);
  1025 				ESME usually has assigned a short number
  1026 				thus subscriber can do MOAT messaging without remembering/typing long phone numbers;
  1027 				texting or calling to/from this numbers might be charged with an extra rate
  1028 				(the subscriber pays not only for the telco service but also for the VAS provided)
  1029 			</text>
  1030 		</explanation>
  1031 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1032 	</concept>
  1033 	<concept>
  1034 		<term abbreviation="VASP" completeForm="value-added service provider" language="en"/>
  1035 		<explanation language="en">
  1036 			<text>
  1037 				a provider who operates an ESME (application)
  1038 			</text>
  1039 		</explanation>
  1040 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1041 	</concept>
  1042 	<concept>
  1043 		<term abbreviation="ESME" completeForm="external short message entity" language="en"/>
  1044 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="application" language="en"/>
  1045 		<term abbreviation="LA" completeForm="large account" language="en"/>
  1046 		<term abbreviation="VAS" completeForm="value-added service" language="en"/>
  1047 		<term abbreviation="SPA" completeForm="service provider application" language="en"/>
  1048 		<term abbreviation="AIM" completeForm="application interface module" language="en"/>
  1049 		<!--
  1050 			LA vs. AIM „Use AIM instead of LA (AIM is an MCO term, LA is a V5 term).“
  1051 			
  1052 			ESME = any application which can either
  1053 			recieve or send or both is an ESME (also known as VAS or SPA or LA)
  1054 			LA	Large Account (also known as ESME or SPA or VAS)
  1055 			SPA	Service Provider Application (also known as ESME or VAS or LA)
  1056 			VAS	Value Added Service (also known as ESME or SPA or LA)
  1057 		-->
  1058 		<explanation language="en">
  1059 			<text>
  1060 				an application a software component which sends and receives messages (SMS, MMS, e-mail…) and is connected over IP (not directly attached to mobile network) and protocol like SMPP;
  1061 				often is operated by different company than telco operator – a VASP;
  1062 			</text>
  1063 		</explanation>
  1064 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1065 	</concept>
  1066 	<concept>
  1067 		<term abbreviation="NEP" completeForm="network end point" language="en"/>
  1068 		<explanation language="en">
  1069 			<text>
  1070 				an end-point in RE where SC is connected
  1071 			</text>
  1072 		</explanation>
  1073 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1074 	</concept>
  1075 	<concept>
  1076 		<term abbreviation="AEP" completeForm="application end point" language="en"/>
  1077 		<explanation language="en">
  1078 			<text>
  1079 				an end-point in RE where SPA is connected
  1080 			</text>
  1081 		</explanation>
  1082 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1083 	</concept>
  1084 	<concept>
  1085 		<term abbreviation="SPDB" completeForm="service provider database" language="en"/>
  1086 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1087 	</concept>
  1088 	<concept>
  1089 		<term abbreviation="MCO" completeForm="Message Controller" language="en"/>
  1090 		<!-- bridge mezi TCP/IP a SS7 ? -->
  1091 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1092 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1093 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1094 	</concept>
  1095 	<concept>
  1096 		<term abbreviation="SME" completeForm="short message entity" language="en"/>
  1097 		<explanation language="en">
  1098 			<text>
  1099 				e.g. a mobile handset
  1100 				(see also EMSE)
  1101 			</text>
  1102 		</explanation>
  1103 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1104 	</concept>
  1105 	<concept>
  1106 		<term abbreviation="GSM" completeForm="Global System for Mobile communications" language="en"/>
  1107 		<term abbreviation="GSM" completeForm="Groupe Spécial Mobile" language="fr"/>
  1108 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1109 	</concept>
  1110 	<concept>
  1111 		<term abbreviation="GSMA" completeForm="GSM Association" language="en"/>
  1112 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1113 	</concept>
  1114 	<concept>
  1115 		<term abbreviation="CDMA" completeForm="code division multiple access" language="en"/>
  1116 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1117 	</concept>
  1118 	<concept>
  1119 		<term abbreviation="TDMA" completeForm="time division multiple access" language="en"/>
  1120 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1121 	</concept>
  1122 	<concept>
  1123 		<term abbreviation="UMTS" completeForm="universal mobile telecommunications system" language="en"/>
  1124 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1125 	</concept>
  1126 	<concept>
  1127 		<term abbreviation="SS7" completeForm="signalling system no. 7" language="en"/>
  1128 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1129 	</concept>
  1130 	<concept>
  1131 		<term abbreviation="SIGTRAN" completeForm="SIGnaling TRAnsport" language="en"/>
  1132 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1133 	</concept>
  1134 	<concept>
  1135 		<term abbreviation="3G" completeForm="third generation" language="en"/>
  1136 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1137 	</concept>
  1138 	<concept>
  1139 		<term abbreviation="4G" completeForm="fourth generation" language="en"/>
  1140 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1141 	</concept>
  1142 	<concept>
  1143 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Baby Bell" language="en"/>
  1144 		<!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Bell_Operating_Company -->
  1145 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1146 	</concept>
  1147 	<concept>
  1148 		<term abbreviation="EAIF" completeForm="external application interface" language="en"/>
  1149 		<explanation language="en"><text>Nokia's protocol for sending and receiving MMS, is based on HTTP and transferres  binary content.</text></explanation>
  1150 		<tag>nsn</tag>
  1151 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1152 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1153 	</concept>
  1154 	<concept>
  1155 		<term abbreviation="UCP" completeForm="universal computer protocol" language="en"/>
  1156 		<explanation language="en">
  1157 			<text>
  1158 				an SMS messaging protocol developed by CMG (later Acision)
  1159 				as interface for ESME to SMSC;
  1160 				an extended variant of it is called EMI
  1161 			</text>
  1162 		</explanation>
  1163 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1164 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1165 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1166 	</concept>
  1167 	<concept>
  1168 		<term abbreviation="EMI" completeForm="external machine interface" language="en"/>
  1169 		<explanation language="en"><text>an extension of UCP</text></explanation>
  1170 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1171 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1172 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1173 	</concept>
  1174 	<concept>
  1175 		<term abbreviation="CIMD" completeForm="computer interface to message distribution" language="en"/>
  1176 		<explanation language="en">
  1177 			<text>
  1178 				a proprietary SMS messaging protocol developed by Nokia
  1179 				for connecting to their SMSC
  1180 			</text>
  1181 		</explanation>
  1182 		<tag>nsn</tag>
  1183 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1184 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1185 	</concept>
  1186 	<concept>
  1187 		<term abbreviation="URLP" completeForm="URL encoded message protocol" language="en"/>
  1188 		<explanation language="en">
  1189 			<text>
  1190 				a simple protocol that can be used between AAG and SPA for transmitting messages;
  1191 				uses HTTP GET method and encodes data in the URL or in HTTP response body
  1192 			</text>
  1193 		</explanation>
  1194 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1195 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1196 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1197 	</concept>
  1198 	<concept>
  1199 		<term abbreviation="SMAP" completeForm="short message application protocol" language="en"/>
  1200 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1201 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1202 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1203 	</concept>
  1204 	<!--
  1205 	<concept>
  1206 		<term abbreviation="PSA" completeForm="" language="en"/>
  1207 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1208 	</concept>
  1209 	-->
  1210 	<concept>
  1211 		<term abbreviation="PAP" completeForm="push access protocol" language="en"/>
  1212 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1213 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1214 	</concept>
  1215 	<concept>
  1216 		<term abbreviation="SC" completeForm="service center" language="en"/>
  1217 		<term abbreviation="MC" completeForm="message centre" language="en"/>
  1218 		<explanation language="en">
  1219 			<text>
  1220 				a component in telecommunication network;
  1221 				SMSC for SMS or MMSC for MMS messages
  1222 			</text>
  1223 		</explanation>
  1224 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1225 	</concept>
  1226 	<concept>
  1227 		<term abbreviation="SMSC" completeForm="SMS service center" language="en"/>
  1228 		<term abbreviation="SMS-SC" completeForm="Short Message Service - Service Centre" language="en"/>
  1229 		<explanation language="en">
  1230 			<text>
  1231 				a component in telecommunication network dedicated to store, forward, convert and deliver SMS messages;
  1232 				is connected to the SS7 network on one side and to routing entities (RE) using SMPP on the other side;
  1233 				is able to process MOMT messaging and also MOAT or AOMT messaging (using RE)
  1234 				Example of SMSC: SMSCv5
  1235 			</text>
  1236 		</explanation>
  1237 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1238 	</concept>
  1239 	<concept>
  1240 		<term abbreviation="SMSCv5" completeForm="SMS service center version 5" language="en"/>
  1241 		<term abbreviation="v5" completeForm="" language="en"/><!-- jargon -->
  1242 		<explanation language="en">
  1243 			<text>
  1244 				an implementation of SMSC from Acision;
  1245 				runs on an OpenVMS system
  1246 			</text>
  1247 		</explanation>
  1248 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1249 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1250 	</concept>
  1251 	<concept>
  1252 		<term abbreviation="MMSC" completeForm="Multimedia Messaging Service Centre" language="en"/>
  1253 		<term abbreviation="MMSC" completeForm="MMS Service Centre" language="en"/>
  1254 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="MMS store and forward server" language="en"/>
  1255 		<explanation language="en">
  1256 			<text>
  1257 				a kind of SC dedicated to processing multimedia messages;
  1258 				the messaging is more comlex process than in case of SMS:
  1259 					MO MMS message is received (in similar format to MIME e-mail) by the MMSC and stored,
  1260 					then SC determines if the recipient is capable to receive MMS,
  1261 					if yes, the message is put at a server with HTTP interface and the recipient gets special SMS containing the URL and downloads it over WAP,
  1262 					if recipient is not capable he gets plain text SMS with URL and have to use computer and www browser
  1263 			</text>
  1264 		</explanation>
  1265 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1266 	</concept>
  1267 	<concept>
  1268 		<term abbreviation="BMSC" completeForm="Broadband Messaging Service Centre" language="en"/>
  1269 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Fusion" language="en"/>
  1270 		<explanation language="en">
  1271 			<text>
  1272 				a consolidated messaging platform announced by the Acision company in 2013;
  1273 				integrates RSC, SMS, MMS and voice mail
  1274 			</text>
  1275 		</explanation>
  1276 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1277 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1278 	</concept>
  1279 	<concept>
  1280 		<term abbreviation="IWG" completeForm="inter-working gateway" language="en"/>
  1281 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1282 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1283 	</concept>
  1284 	<concept>
  1285 		<term abbreviation="WAP" completeForm="wireless application protocol" language="en"/>
  1286 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1287 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1288 	</concept>
  1289 	<concept>
  1290 		<term abbreviation="OTA" completeForm="over-the-air" language="en"/>
  1291 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1292 	</concept>
  1293 	<concept>
  1294 		<term abbreviation="FOTA" completeForm="firmware over the air" language="en"/>
  1295 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1296 	</concept>
  1297 	<concept>
  1298 		<term abbreviation="DRM" completeForm="digital restrictions management" language="en"/>
  1299 		<term abbreviation="DRM" completeForm="digital rights management" language="en"/>
  1300 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1301 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1302 	</concept>
  1303 	<concept>
  1304 		<term abbreviation="SyncML" completeForm="synchronization markup language" language="en"/>
  1305 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1306 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1307 	</concept>
  1308 	<concept>
  1309 		<term abbreviation="VoIP" completeForm="voice over IP" language="en"/>
  1310 		<explanation language="en">
  1311 			<text>
  1312 				delivering voice communication (or other multimedia sessions like video) over the Internet Protocol (IP) instead of traditional telco networks;
  1313 				there are open and standard protocols for signaling: SIP and XMPP and open protocols for the payload (audio/video) like RTP;
  1314 				VoIP is nowadays widely used inside companies where often shares same ethernet network with computers (can be separeted by VLANs)
  1315 				and also in households espetially for cheap overseas calls;
  1316 				as VoIP phone can be used a computer with appropriate software or a cell phone or dedicated hardware phone;
  1317 				there are also gateways that enable connecting old analog phones to the VoIP network
  1318 			</text>
  1319 		</explanation>
  1320 	</concept>
  1321 	<concept>
  1322 		<term abbreviation="SIP" completeForm="session initiation protocol" language="en"/>
  1323 		<explanation language="en">
  1324 			<text>
  1325 				an open signalling protocol for initiation of VoIP calls (audio, video or possibly other media sessions);
  1326 				has similar format of headers and request/response model as HTTP;
  1327 				transported over UDP or TCP (for TLS encryption) or SCTP;
  1328 				for the media payload is typically used RTP protocol
  1329 			</text>
  1330 		</explanation>
  1331 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1332 	</concept>
  1333 	<concept>
  1334 		<term abbreviation="RTP" completeForm="real-time transport protocol" language="en"/>
  1335 		<explanation language="en">
  1336 			<text>
  1337 				a standardized packet format for delivering audio and video over IP;
  1338 				can transfer audio or video streams for telephony or television streams;
  1339 				is used heavily in VoIP in combination with SIP;
  1340 				can be secured with SRTP/ZRTP to avoid wiretrapping
  1341 			</text>
  1342 		</explanation>
  1343 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1344 	</concept>
  1345 	<concept>
  1346 		<term abbreviation="SRTP" completeForm="secure RTP" language="en"/>
  1347 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1348 		<tag>security</tag>
  1349 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1350 	</concept>
  1351 	<concept>
  1352 		<term abbreviation="ZRTP" completeForm="Zimmermann RTP" language="en"/>
  1353 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1354 		<tag>security</tag>
  1355 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  1356 	</concept>
  1357 	<concept>
  1358 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="throttling" language="en"/>
  1359 		<explanation language="en">
  1360 			<text>
  1361 				limiting the flow rate;
  1362 				e.g. short messages per second
  1363 			</text>
  1364 		</explanation>
  1365 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1366 	</concept>
  1367 	<concept>
  1368 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="keep alive" language="en"/>
  1369 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="keep-alive" language="en"/>
  1370 		<explanation language="en">
  1371 			<text>
  1372 				a packet or message or command without useful content
  1373 				which is sent in order to avoid closing the connection (time out) and to check, it is still working;
  1374 				in HTTP this term means persistent connection
  1375 			</text>
  1376 		</explanation>
  1377 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1378 	</concept>
  1379 	<concept>
  1380 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="inroaming" language="en"/>
  1381 		<explanation language="en"><text>roaming of subscribers from other operator in your network</text></explanation>
  1382 	</concept>
  1383 	<concept>
  1384 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="outroaming" language="en"/>
  1385 		<explanation language="en"><text>roaming of your subscribers in other operator's network</text></explanation>
  1386 	</concept>
  1387 	<concept>
  1388 		<term abbreviation="TON" completeForm="type of number" language="en"/>
  1389 		<explanation language="en">
  1390 			<text>
  1391 				(0x00)	Unknown type of number;
  1392 				(0x01)	International number;
  1393 				(0x02)	National number;
  1394 				(0x03)	Network specific number;
  1395 				(0x04)	Subscriber number, dedicated access, short code;
  1396 				(0x05)	Alphanumeric, in 7-bit GSM alphabet;
  1397 				(0x06)	Abbreviated number
  1398 			</text>
  1399 		</explanation>
  1400 	</concept>
  1401 	<concept>
  1402 		<term abbreviation="NPI" completeForm="numbering plan indicator" language="en"/>
  1403 		<explanation language="en">
  1404 			<text>
  1405 				a number which indicates the numbering plan of a telephone number;
  1406 				values:
  1407 					(0x00)	Unknown numbering plan;
  1408 					(0x01)	ISDN/telephone numbering plan – E.164/E.163;
  1409 					(0x02)	Generic;
  1410 					(0x03)	Data numbering plan – X.121;
  1411 					(0x04)	Telex numbering plan – F.96;
  1412 					(0x05)	Service Centre Specific plan;
  1413 					(0x06)	Land mobile numbering plan – E.212;
  1414 					(0x07)	ISDN/mobile numbering plan – E.214;
  1415 					<!-- only 0-7 defined in the ITU standard Q.713 ? -->
  1416 					(0x08)	National numbering plan;
  1417 					(0x09)	Private numbering plan;
  1418 					(0x0A)	ERMES numbering plan – ETSI DE/PS 3 01-3;
  1419 					(0x0D)	Binary Internet addres – IP;
  1420 					(0x0E)	Alphanumeric Internet address
  1421 			</text>
  1422 		</explanation>
  1423 	</concept>
  1424 	<concept>
  1425 		<term abbreviation="PID" completeForm="protocol identifier" language="en"/>
  1426 		<explanation language="en">
  1427 			<text>
  1428 				one octet of information which describes the protocol resp. type of telematic device;
  1429 				0 means implicit (plain MOMT messages);
  1430 				other values are described in 3GPP TS 03.40
  1431 			</text>
  1432 		</explanation>
  1433 	</concept>
  1434 	<concept>
  1435 		<term abbreviation="PID" completeForm="process identifier" language="en"/>
  1436 		<explanation language="en">
  1437 			<text>
  1438 				identifier of an process (running program) in an operating system;
  1439 				PID 1 is usually assigned to the init process (the first process which starts other ones)
  1440 			</text>
  1441 		</explanation>
  1442 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1443 	</concept>
  1444 	<concept>
  1445 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Blue box" language="en"/>
  1446 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="BlueBox" language="en"/>
  1447 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1448 	</concept>
  1449 	<!--
  1450 		Orange box	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_box
  1451 		Vermilion box	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermilion_box
  1452 		Magenta box	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magenta_box
  1453 	-->
  1454 	<concept>
  1455 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Orange box" language="en"/>
  1456 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="OrangeBox" language="en"/>
  1457 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1458 	</concept>
  1459 	<concept>
  1460 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Vermilion box" language="en"/>
  1461 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="VermilionBox" language="en"/>
  1462 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1463 	</concept>
  1464 	<concept>
  1465 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Magenta box" language="en"/>
  1466 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="MagentaBox" language="en"/>
  1467 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1468 	</concept>
  1469 	<concept>
  1470 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hack" language="en"/>
  1471 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hacking" language="en"/>
  1472 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="hacker" language="en"/>
  1473 		<explanation language="en">
  1474 			<text>
  1475 				hacker is an interrogative person interested in internal principles of things;
  1476 				often it is a software developer or a system administrator but hacking is also possible outside the digital world;
  1477 				hacking is the activity of these people – usually
  1478 					improving a software by adding new features
  1479 					or discovering secrets in existing software or hardware systems
  1480 					or running extraordinary configurations or combinations of components;
  1481 				hack is the product of their work – e.g. improved computer program or piece of hardware;
  1482 				<!-- hack can mean also the insctructions how to do it; -->
  1483 				don't confuse with „cracker“
  1484 			</text>
  1485 			<!--
  1486 				RMS - https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/rms-hack.html
  1487 				„someone who enjoys playful cleverness, especially in programming but other media are also possible“
  1488 				
  1489 				ESR - http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/H/hacker.html
  1490 				[originally, someone who makes furniture with an axe] 
  1491 				1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. RFC1392, the Internet Users' Glossary, usefully amplifies this as: A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in particular.
  1492 				2. One who programs enthusiastically (even obsessively) or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming. 
  1493 				3. A person capable of appreciating hack value. 
  1494 				4. A person who is good at programming quickly. 
  1495 				5. An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in ‘a Unix hacker’. (Definitions 1 through 5 are correlated, and people who fit them congregate.) 
  1496 				6. An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example. 
  1497 				7. One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations. 
  1498 				8. [deprecated] A malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. Hence password hacker, network hacker. The correct term for this sense is cracker.
  1499 				The term ‘hacker’ also tends to connote membership in the global community defined by the net (see the network. For discussion of some of the basics of this culture, see the How To Become A Hacker FAQ. It also implies that the person described is seen to subscribe to some version of the hacker ethic (see hacker ethic).
  1500 				It is better to be described as a hacker by others than to describe oneself that way. Hackers consider themselves something of an elite (a meritocracy based on ability), though one to which new members are gladly welcome. There is thus a certain ego satisfaction to be had in identifying yourself as a hacker (but if you claim to be one and are not, you'll quickly be labeled bogus). See also geek, wannabee.
  1501 				This term seems to have been first adopted as a badge in the 1960s by the hacker culture surrounding TMRC and the MIT AI Lab. We have a report that it was used in a sense close to this entry's by teenage radio hams and electronics tinkerers in the mid-1950s.
  1502 				
  1503 				RFC 1392 - https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1392
  1504 				A person who delights in having an intimate understanding of the
  1505 				internal workings of a system, computers and computer networks in
  1506 				particular.  The term is often misused in a pejorative context,
  1507 				where "cracker" would be the correct term.  See also: cracker.
  1508 			-->
  1509 		</explanation>
  1510 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1511 		<tag>security</tag>
  1512 	</concept>
  1513 	<concept>
  1514 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="crack" language="en"/>
  1515 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="cracking" language="en"/>
  1516 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="cracker" language="en"/>
  1517 		<explanation language="en">
  1518 			<text>
  1519 				someone who breaks the security protections in order to get unauthorized access to a computer system;
  1520 				they often misuse their skills to steal private data, destroy systems or steal money;
  1521 				don't confuse with „hacker“
  1522 			</text>
  1523 		</explanation>
  1524 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1525 		<tag>security</tag>
  1526 	</concept>
  1527 	<concept>
  1528 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="phreak" language="en"/>
  1529 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="phreaking" language="en"/>
  1530 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="phreaker" language="en"/>
  1531 		<explanation language="en">
  1532 			<text>
  1533 				a hacker interested in phone systems or telecommunications in general;
  1534 				sometimes they can become cracker if they don't only experiment but misuse telephone networks excessively (fraud);
  1535 				the term is a portmanteau of the words „phone“ and „freak“
  1536 			</text>
  1537 		</explanation>
  1538 		<tag>security</tag>
  1539 	</concept>
  1540 	<concept>
  1541 		<term abbreviation="AAGP" completeForm="Acision Application Gateway Provisioning" language="en"/>
  1542 		<term abbreviation="GAS" completeForm="Generic application server" language="en"/>
  1543 		<term abbreviation="CPS" completeForm="Central provisioning system" language="en"/>
  1544 		<explanation language="en">
  1545 			<text>
  1546 				a software component developed by the Acision company;
  1547 				a provisioning tool for AAG and other products of this company;
  1548 				can be used as generic provisioning tool for any product provided that particular connector exists;
  1549 				has web GUI and several APIs
  1550 			</text>
  1551 		</explanation>
  1552 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1553 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1554 	</concept>
  1555 	<concept>
  1556 		<term abbreviation="AAG" completeForm="Acision Application Gateway" language="en"/>
  1557 		<term abbreviation="OMG" completeForm="Open Messaging Gateway" language="en"/>
  1558 		<explanation language="en">
  1559 			<text>
  1560 				a software component developed by the Acision company;
  1561 				typical use case is: a messaging gateway between SMSC and applications (ESME)
  1562 			</text>
  1563 		</explanation>
  1564 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1565 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1566 	</concept>
  1567 	<concept>
  1568 		<term abbreviation="GBG" completeForm="General Billing Gateway" language="en"/>
  1569 		<term abbreviation="AFG" completeForm="Acision Flexible Gateway" language="en"/>
  1570 		<term abbreviation="TGC" completeForm="Test Gateway Component" language="en"/>
  1571 		<term abbreviation="UGC" completeForm="Universal Gateway Component" language="en"/>
  1572 		<explanation language="en">
  1573 			<text>
  1574 				a software component developed by the Acision company;
  1575 				works as a messaging gateway and can interconnect systems talking many various messaging protocols;
  1576 				is highly configurable and can translate and transform messages in many formats;
  1577 				original purpose was doing a gateway for billing messages comming from e.g. SMSC to some billing system
  1578 			</text>
  1579 		</explanation>
  1580 		<tag>acision</tag>
  1581 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  1582 	</concept>
  1583 	<concept>
  1584 		<term abbreviation="UGC" completeForm="user generated content" language="en"/>
  1585 		<explanation language="en">
  1586 			<text>
  1587 				content in various media formats (text, pictures, video, sound…)
  1588 				which is created by users (or subscribers);
  1589 				e.g. photos taken by mobile and sent over MMS, e-mail or web to some server which displays them to other users
  1590 			</text>
  1591 		</explanation>
  1592 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1593 	</concept>
  1594 	<concept>
  1595 		<term abbreviation="VCS" completeForm="version control system" language="en"/>
  1596 		<term abbreviation="RCS" completeForm="revision control system" language="en"/>
  1597 		<explanation language="en">
  1598 			<text>
  1599 				a software tool used for management of changes in documents;
  1600 				often is used for managing source code and other artifacts (like documentation or analytic models) created during software development;
  1601 				VCS tracks versions of particular files or changesets, branches, tags (named revisions);
  1602 				examples of traditional centralized VCS: SCCS, RCS, CVS or SVN (quite modern but centralized);
  1603 				nowadays are very popular decentralized systems (DVCS)
  1604 			</text>
  1605 		</explanation>
  1606 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1607 	</concept>
  1608 	<concept>
  1609 		<term abbreviation="DVCS" completeForm="distributed version control system" language="en"/>
  1610 		<term abbreviation="DRCS" completeForm="distributed revision control system" language="en"/>
  1611 		<explanation language="en">
  1612 			<text>
  1613 				kind of version control system which allows not only workflow with one central server
  1614 				but also decentralized workflows where changesets are pushed or pulled between particular nodes;
  1615 				each node has typically full repository clone with all the history (commits, branches, tags);
  1616 				this facilitates offline work –
  1617 					developer can do commits or work with branches and tags even if he is offline –
  1618 					and after going online,
  1619 						he pushed his work to other developers
  1620 						or to the central repository
  1621 						or his work is pulled by others;
  1622 				other advantage is easy backup – just clone the repository and then do push/pull from the working one;
  1623 				Examples of DVCS: Mercurial (Hg), Git, Bazaar (bzr), Monotone (mtn), Fossil, GNU arch, Darcs, DCVS or SVK
  1624 			</text>
  1625 		</explanation>
  1626 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1627 	</concept>
  1628 	<concept>
  1629 		<term abbreviation="SCM" completeForm="software configuration management" language="en"/>
  1630 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1631 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1632 	</concept>
  1633 	<concept>
  1634 		<term abbreviation="hg" completeForm="mercurial" language="en"/>
  1635 		<explanation language="en"><text>a distributed version control system</text></explanation>
  1636 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1637 	</concept>
  1638 	<concept>
  1639 		<term abbreviation="cvs" completeForm="Concurrent Versions System" language="en"/>
  1640 		<explanation language="en"><text>a centralized version control system</text></explanation>
  1641 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1642 	</concept>
  1643 	<concept>
  1644 		<term abbreviation="svn" completeForm="Subversion" language="en"/>
  1645 		<explanation language="en"><text>a centralized version control system</text></explanation>
  1646 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1647 	</concept>
  1648 	<concept>
  1649 		<term abbreviation="bzr" completeForm="Bazaar" language="en"/>
  1650 		<explanation language="en"><text>a distributed version control system</text></explanation>
  1651 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1652 	</concept>
  1653 	<concept>
  1654 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="git" language="en"/>
  1655 		<explanation language="en"><text>a distributed version control system</text></explanation>
  1656 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1657 	</concept>
  1658 	<concept>
  1659 		<term abbreviation="XML" completeForm="eXtensible markup language" language="en"/>
  1660 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1661 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1662 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1663 	</concept>
  1664 	<concept>
  1665 		<term abbreviation="xmlns" completeForm="XML name space" language="en"/>
  1666 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  1667 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1668 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1669 	</concept>
  1670 	<concept>
  1671 		<term abbreviation="DTD" completeForm="document type definition" language="en"/>
  1672 		<explanation language="en">
  1673 			<text>
  1674 				a schema language for XML;
  1675 				used to describe the format based on XML
  1676 				and perform validations of XML documents
  1677 			</text>
  1678 		</explanation>
  1679 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1680 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1681 	</concept>
  1682 	<concept>
  1683 		<term abbreviation="XSD" completeForm="XML schema definition" language="en"/>
  1684 		<explanation language="en">
  1685 			<text>
  1686 				a schema language for XML;
  1687 				used to describe the format based on XML
  1688 				and perform validations of XML documents
  1689 				XSD itself is written in XML;
  1690 				is more powerful than DTD
  1691 			</text>
  1692 		</explanation>
  1693 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1694 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1695 	</concept>
  1696 	<concept>
  1697 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Schematron" language="en"/>
  1698 		<explanation language="en">
  1699 			<text>
  1700 				a validation language;
  1701 				can describe formats based on XML like XSD or DTD does, but has entirely different approach;
  1702 				Schematron is rule-based – defines assertions which must be met to have valid document;
  1703 				this rules are transformed into XSL template which is executed during validation;
  1704 				Schematron can be also combined with XSD
  1705 					– XSD schemas (which are more declarative and more clearly represents the desired structure of the document for humans)
  1706 					are enriched with Schematron assertions that adds more complex rules (that cannot be easily expressed in pure XSD)
  1707 			</text>
  1708 		</explanation>
  1709 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1710 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1711 	</concept>
  1712 	<concept>
  1713 		<term abbreviation="XSLT" completeForm="Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations" language="en"/>
  1714 		<term abbreviation="XSL" completeForm="Extensible Stylesheet Language" language="en"/>
  1715 		<explanation language="en">
  1716 			<text>
  1717 				a transformation language for XML;
  1718 				can be used e.g. for
  1719 					conversion from one XML format to another one,
  1720 					for generating (plain) text or HTML,
  1721 					for user friendly visualisation of XML data (XHTML or SVG output),
  1722 					or for validations (raise error message on invalid input, see also Schematron);
  1723 				XSL templates are also written in XML
  1724 			</text>
  1725 		</explanation>
  1726 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1727 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1728 	</concept>
  1729 	<concept>
  1730 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="XQuery" language="en"/>
  1731 		<explanation language="en">
  1732 			<text>
  1733 				functional programming language for processing XML and other data
  1734 			</text>
  1735 		</explanation>
  1736 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1737 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1738 	</concept>
  1739 	<concept>
  1740 		<term abbreviation="XPath" completeForm="XML Path Language" language="en"/>
  1741 		<explanation language="en">
  1742 			<text>
  1743 				a query language for selecting XML nodes;
  1744 				an XPath expression can also compute values and call XPath functions
  1745 			</text>
  1746 		</explanation>
  1747 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1748 		<tag>xml</tag>
  1749 	</concept>
  1750 	<concept>
  1751 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Ant" language="en"/>
  1752 		<explanation language="en">
  1753 			<text>
  1754 				a tool for automating software build processes;
  1755 				does similar job like GNU Make, but is written in and for Java;
  1756 				equivalent for the Makefile is here build.xml which describes particular tasks and their dependencies;
  1757 				there is lot of tasks distributed with Apache Ant e.g.
  1758 					compilation of Java code,
  1759 					unit testing,
  1760 					running XSLT transformations,
  1761 					packing JARs and other archives,
  1762 					copying and moving files
  1763 					or calling system commands;
  1764 				and user can also write own tasks in Java
  1765 			</text>
  1766 		</explanation>
  1767 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1768 		<tag>java</tag>
  1769 	</concept>
  1770 	<concept>
  1771 		<term abbreviation="mvn" completeForm="Maven" language="en"/>
  1772 		<explanation language="en">
  1773 			<text>
  1774 				a tool for automating software build processes;
  1775 				compared to Ant, Maven is much more declarative instead of procedural and is strongly focused on resolving dependencies on modules, components, libraries;
  1776 				dependencies (libraries) of a project are automatically downloaded from a repository;
  1777 				projects in Maven are described by a POM file
  1778 			</text>
  1779 		</explanation>
  1780 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1781 		<tag>java</tag>
  1782 	</concept>
  1783 	<concept>
  1784 		<term abbreviation="POM" completeForm="Project Object Model" language="en"/>
  1785 		<explanation language="en">
  1786 			<text>
  1787 				an XML configuration file which describes one Maven project;
  1788 				contains project metadata like name, owner, version, dependencies
  1789 				and phases of its build process
  1790 			</text>
  1791 		</explanation>
  1792 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1793 		<tag>java</tag>
  1794 	</concept>
  1795 	<concept>
  1796 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Java" language="en"/>
  1797 		<explanation language="en">
  1798 			<text>
  1799 				an object-oriented programming language designed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems;
  1800 				Java source code is compiled into byte code (.class files) which can be executed in JVM on many architectures and operating systems;
  1801 				Java is completely free software, there is OpenJDK and standard library distributed under GNU GPL license;
  1802 				there is also GNU Classpath – an independent and free software implementation of the standard library;
  1803 				Java is popular and well established enterprise-grade software platform
  1804 			</text>
  1805 		</explanation>
  1806 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1807 		<tag>java</tag>
  1808 	</concept>
  1809 	<concept>
  1810 		<term abbreviation="JVM" completeForm="Java virtual machine" language="en"/>
  1811 		<explanation language="en">
  1812 			<text>
  1813 				a runtime environment for running Java byte code;
  1814 				there is lot of programming languages that can be compiled into the bytecode and executed in JVM e.g.
  1815 					Clojure (a Lisp dialect),
  1816 					Scala (OOP and functional language),
  1817 					Groovy (a scripting language),
  1818 					Jython (an implementation of Python),
  1819 					JRuby
  1820 					or Rhino (JavaScript)
  1821 			</text>
  1822 		</explanation>
  1823 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1824 		<tag>java</tag>
  1825 	</concept>
  1826 	<concept>
  1827 		<term abbreviation="JavaDoc" completeForm="Java documentation" language="en"/>
  1828 		<explanation language="en">
  1829 			<text>
  1830 				documentation of Java source code (classes, enumerations, interfaces, packages);
  1831 				describes API and software's internals;
  1832 				is useful for developers, not too much for end-users
  1833 			</text>
  1834 		</explanation>
  1835 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1836 		<tag>java</tag>
  1837 	</concept>
  1838 	<concept>
  1839 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Erlang" language="en"/>
  1840 		<explanation language="en">
  1841 			<text>
  1842 				a functional programming language developed in Ericsson;
  1843 				influenced by Prolog and SmallTalk languages;
  1844 				Erlang implementation is a free software
  1845 			</text>
  1846 		</explanation>
  1847 		<tag>ericsson</tag>
  1848 	</concept>
  1849 	<concept>
  1850 		<term abbreviation="RegEx" completeForm="Regular Expression" language="en"/>
  1851 		<term abbreviation="RegExp" completeForm="Regular Expression" language="en"/>
  1852 		<term abbreviation="RE" completeForm="Regular Expression" language="en"/>
  1853 		<explanation language="en">
  1854 			<text>
  1855 				an expression (sequence of characters) which forms a pattern that can be used for string matching –
  1856 				finding occurrences of the pattern in the text or evaluating whether the whole text matches the pattern;
  1857 				Example: regular expression (a|b)cde\d+ matches strings acde123 or bcde0 but not cde1 or acdex
  1858 			</text>
  1859 		</explanation>
  1860 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1861 	</concept>
  1862 	<concept>
  1863 		<term abbreviation="PCRE" completeForm=" Perl Compatible Regular Expressions" language="en"/>
  1864 		<explanation language="en">
  1865 			<text>
  1866 				a C library for regular expressions compatible with Perl's RegEx dialect
  1867 				or this dialect itself
  1868 			</text>
  1869 		</explanation>
  1870 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1871 	</concept>
  1872 	<concept>
  1873 		<term abbreviation="Perl" completeForm="Practical Extraction and Reporting Language" language="en"/>
  1874 		<explanation language="en">
  1875 			<text>
  1876 				an interpreted dynamic programming language;
  1877 				popular in UNIX environment for scripting and text processing;
  1878 				Perl syntax allows very effective and elegant notation especially while working with regular expressions, but sometimes it is hard to read;
  1879 				its implementation is free software
  1880 			</text>
  1881 		</explanation>
  1882 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1883 	</concept>
  1884 	<concept>
  1885 		<term abbreviation="POSIX" completeForm="Portable Operating System Interface" language="en"/>
  1886 		<explanation language="en">
  1887 			<text>
  1888 				a family of standards for maintaining compatibility between operating systems;
  1889 				defines API, command line shells and utility interfaces
  1890 				and thus brings compatibility amog many variants of unix and unix-like operating systems;
  1891 				the name POSIX was suggested by Richard Stallman (the standards was formerly known as IEEE-IX);
  1892 				there are standards for e.g. process creation and control, signals, pipes, message passing, shared memory or semaphores;
  1893 				Examples of fully or mostly POSIX-compliant systems: AIX, IRIS, Solaris, OS X, GNU/Linux, BeOS (Haiku) or several BSD variants
  1894 			</text>
  1895 		</explanation>
  1896 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1897 	</concept>
  1898 	<concept>
  1899 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="UNIX" language="en"/>
  1900 		<term abbreviation="Unics" completeForm="UNiplexed Information and Computing Service" language="en"/>
  1901 		<explanation language="en">
  1902 			<text>
  1903 				a multitasking and multi-user operating system developed in 1969 by a group of AT&amp;T hackers at Bell Labs;
  1904 				has influenced many other operating systems (now called UNIX-like OS) and established distinctive UNIX culture and philosophy;
  1905 				nowadays we have completely free software implementation called GNU (resp. GNU/Linux where Linux is operating system kernel or GNU/Hurd);
  1906 				UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems runs on many mission-critical servers and are also used on personal computers or even mobile phones and small devices like routers or firewalls;
  1907 				GNU/Linux runs on 95,2 % (and other 3,4 % are Unices too) of world's supercomputers with 97,4 % performance share (top500.org, June 2013 statistics)
  1908 			</text>
  1909 		</explanation>
  1910 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1911 	</concept>
  1912 	<concept>
  1913 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="GNU/Linux" language="en"/>
  1914 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Linux" language="en"/>
  1915 		<explanation language="en">
  1916 			<text>
  1917 				the GNU operating system with Linux kernel;
  1918 			</text>
  1919 		</explanation>
  1920 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1921 	</concept>
  1922 	<concept>
  1923 		<term abbreviation="GNU" completeForm="GNU's Not Unix!" language="en"/>
  1924 		<explanation language="en">
  1925 			<text>
  1926 				a Unix-like operating system that is free software and is upward-compatible with Unix;
  1927 				the GNU Project was initially announced in September 1983 by Richard Stallman;
  1928 				nowadays is mostly used in combination with Linux kernel and called GNU/Linux
  1929 			</text>
  1930 		</explanation>
  1931 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1932 	</concept>
  1933 	<concept>
  1934 		<term abbreviation="GNU GPL" completeForm="GNU General Public License" language="en"/>
  1935 		<term abbreviation="GPL" completeForm="General Public License" language="en"/>
  1936 		<explanation language="en">
  1937 			<text>
  1938 				a free software and copyleft license which is used by many free software packages
  1939 			</text>
  1940 		</explanation>
  1941 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1942 	</concept>
  1943 	<concept>
  1944 		<term abbreviation="GNU FDL" completeForm="GNU Free Documentation License" language="en"/>
  1945 		<term abbreviation="FDL" completeForm="Free Documentation License" language="en"/>
  1946 		<explanation language="en">
  1947 			<text>
  1948 				whereas GNU GPL is free and copyleft license for software,
  1949 				the GNU FDL is similar license designed for documentaion – books, articles, drawings etc.
  1950 			</text>
  1951 		</explanation>
  1952 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1953 	</concept>
  1954 	<concept>
  1955 		<term abbreviation="FS" completeForm="free software" language="en"/>
  1956 		<explanation language="en">
  1957 			<text>
  1958 				a category of software which respects user's freedoms – user of such software has the four essential freedoms:
  1959 					0) The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.
  1960 					1) The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
  1961 					2) The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
  1962 					3) The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others. By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this.;
  1963 				the term „Free software“ was defined by Richard Stallman
  1964 			</text>
  1965 		</explanation>
  1966 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1967 	</concept>
  1968 	<concept>
  1969 		<term abbreviation="OSS" completeForm="open source software" language="en"/>
  1970 		<explanation language="en">
  1971 			<text>
  1972 				a category of software similar to Free software;
  1973 				the term „open source software“ was defined by Open Source Initiative;
  1974 				its definition contains ten requirements like free redistribution, available source code or allowing derived works;
  1975 				almost every open source license is also a free software license and vice versa;
  1976 				but there is different philosophical background – the free software movement has user's freedom as the main priority
  1977 			</text>
  1978 		</explanation>
  1979 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1980 	</concept>
  1981 	<concept>
  1982 		<term abbreviation="FSF" completeForm="Free Software Foundation" language="en"/>
  1983 		<explanation language="en">
  1984 			<text>
  1985 				a non-profit organization founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement;
  1986 					has developed the GNU operating system,
  1987 					issued licenses like GPL or FDL,
  1988 					maintains the Free Software Definition,
  1989 					does political campaigns and other activities related to user's freedoms;
  1990 			</text>
  1991 		</explanation>
  1992 		<tag>computer</tag>
  1993 	</concept>
  1994 	<concept>
  1995 		<term abbreviation="OSI" completeForm="Open Source Initiative" language="en"/>
  1996 		<explanation language="en">
  1997 			<text>
  1998 				an organization dedicated to promoting open-source software;
  1999 				was founded in February 1998, by Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond;
  2000 			</text>
  2001 		</explanation>
  2002 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2003 	</concept>
  2004 	<concept>
  2005 		<term abbreviation="EFF" completeForm="Electronic Frontier Foundation" language="en"/>
  2006 		<explanation language="en">
  2007 			<text>
  2008 				a non-profit organization focused on protecting user's freedoms and privacy in mostly digital world;
  2009 				fights against censorship and spying, criticises software patents
  2010 				and promotes – among others – free speech, privacy, e-voting and network neutrality
  2011 			</text>
  2012 		</explanation>
  2013 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2014 	</concept>
  2015 	<concept>
  2016 		<term abbreviation="OpenVMS" completeForm="Open Virtual Memory System" language="en"/>
  2017 		<term abbreviation="VMS" completeForm="Virtual Memory System" language="en"/><!-- informally -->
  2018 		<explanation language="en">
  2019 			<text>
  2020 				an operating system for VAX, Alpha and Itanium-based computers
  2021 			</text>
  2022 		</explanation>
  2023 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2024 	</concept>
  2025 	<concept>
  2026 		<term abbreviation="VMS" completeForm="voice mail system" language="en"/><!-- informally -->
  2027 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2028 	</concept>
  2029 	<concept>
  2030 		<term abbreviation="LDAP" completeForm="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol" language="en"/>
  2031 		<explanation language="en">
  2032 			<text>
  2033 				a binary protocol for accessing directories (specialized databases);
  2034 				LDAP databases are usually optimalized for reading operations with rare write operations;
  2035 				provides a tree-oriented view on data which is different from relational one in RDBMS;
  2036 				despite that some LDAP servers use relational database as its backend
  2037 			</text>
  2038 		</explanation>
  2039 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2040 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2041 	</concept>
  2042 	<concept>
  2043 		<term abbreviation="GAL" completeForm="global address list" language="en"/>
  2044 		<explanation language="en">
  2045 			<text>
  2046 				The Global Address List is a term used in groupware software
  2047 				and means the shared address book which contains usually all people of given organization (company, school etc.).
  2048 				This address book is accessed over the computer network using LDAP protocol, CardDAV or other electronic way (it is not a printed book).
  2049 				The GAL is usually read-only for users – only administrators adds or updates the items.
  2050 				Users can search it, lookup other people (employees, students, members etc.)
  2051 				and obtain information about them like e-mail address, phone number, work position, office location and others.
  2052 				The common usage of GAL is
  2053 					if the user is writing an e-mail,
  2054 					knows recipient's name,
  2055 					but don't know his e-mail address
  2056 					– the groupware or e-mail client (e.g. SOGo, Zimbra or Thunderbird) can lookup the e-mail address in the GAL while user is writing only a part of the recipient's name.
  2057 			</text>
  2058 		</explanation>
  2059 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2060 	</concept>
  2061 	<concept>
  2062 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="white pages" language="en"/>
  2063 		<explanation language="en">
  2064 			<text>
  2065 				a method of looking up in a directory;
  2066 				we know a person's name or MSISDN and we are fetching particular record from LDAP or other database;
  2067 				so it is similar to using the white pages (not yellow) of a telephone directory (a thick paperback book)
  2068 			</text>
  2069 		</explanation>
  2070 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2071 	</concept>
  2072 	<concept>
  2073 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="yellow pages" language="en"/>
  2074 		<explanation language="en">
  2075 			<text>
  2076 				a method of looking up in a directory;
  2077 				we know just some criteria of desired object and we are fetching a list of records from LDAP or other database;
  2078 				for example we can search for a PostScript printer in second floor or subscribers with particular tariff;
  2079 				so it is similar to using the yellow pages (not white) of a telephone directory (a thick paperback book)
  2080 			</text>
  2081 		</explanation>
  2082 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2083 	</concept>
  2084 	<concept>
  2085 		<term abbreviation="SQL" completeForm="structured query language" language="en"/>
  2086 		<term abbreviation="SEQUEL" completeForm="structured english query language" language="en"/>
  2087 		<explanation language="en">
  2088 			<text>
  2089 				
  2090 			</text>
  2091 		</explanation>
  2092 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2093 	</concept>
  2094 	<concept>
  2095 		<term abbreviation="noSQL" completeForm="Not SQL" language="en"/>
  2096 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2097 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2098 	</concept>
  2099 	<concept>
  2100 		<term abbreviation="RDBMS" completeForm="relational database management system" language="en"/>
  2101 		<term abbreviation="SŘDB" completeForm="systém řízení báze dat" language="cs"/>
  2102 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2103 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2104 	</concept>
  2105 	<concept>
  2106 		<term abbreviation="ODBC" completeForm="open database connectivity" language="en"/>
  2107 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2108 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2109 	</concept>
  2110 	<concept>
  2111 		<term abbreviation="JDBC" completeForm="java database connectivity" language="en"/>
  2112 		<explanation language="en">
  2113 			<text>
  2114 				a standard Java API for accessing relational (SQL) databases
  2115 			</text>
  2116 		</explanation>
  2117 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2118 		<tag>java</tag>
  2119 	</concept>
  2120 	<concept>
  2121 		<term abbreviation="AS" completeForm="application server" language="en"/>
  2122 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2123 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2124 		<tag>java</tag>
  2125 	</concept>
  2126 	<concept>
  2127 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="JBoss" language="en"/>
  2128 		<explanation language="en"><text>an application server</text></explanation>
  2129 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2130 		<tag>java</tag>
  2131 	</concept>
  2132 	<concept>
  2133 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="GlassFish" language="en"/>
  2134 		<explanation language="en"><text>an application server</text></explanation>
  2135 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2136 		<tag>java</tag>
  2137 	</concept>
  2138 	<concept>
  2139 		<term abbreviation="WSDL" completeForm="web services description language" language="en"/>
  2140 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2141 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2142 		<tag>xml</tag>
  2143 	</concept>
  2144 	<concept>
  2145 		<term abbreviation="WADL" completeForm="web application description language" language="en"/>
  2146 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2147 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2148 		<tag>xml</tag>
  2149 	</concept>
  2150 	<concept>
  2151 		<term abbreviation="SOAP" completeForm="simple object access protocol" language="en"/>
  2152 		<term abbreviation="SOAP" completeForm="SOA Protocol" language="en"/>
  2153 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2154 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2155 		<tag>xml</tag>
  2156 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2157 	</concept>
  2158 	<concept>
  2159 		<term abbreviation="REST" completeForm="representational state transfer" language="en"/>
  2160 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2161 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2162 	</concept>
  2163 	<concept>
  2164 		<term abbreviation="EJB" completeForm="Enterprise JavaBeans" language="en"/>
  2165 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2166 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2167 		<tag>java</tag>
  2168 	</concept>
  2169 	<concept>
  2170 		<term abbreviation="CORBA" completeForm="common object request broker architecture" language="en"/>
  2171 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2172 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2173 	</concept>
  2174 	<concept>
  2175 		<term abbreviation="IDL" completeForm="interface definition language" language="en"/>
  2176 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2177 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2178 	</concept>
  2179 	<concept>
  2180 		<term abbreviation="IIOP" completeForm="Internet InterORB Protocol" language="en"/>
  2181 		<term abbreviation="GIOP" completeForm="General Inter-ORB Protocol" language="en"/>
  2182 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2183 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2184 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2185 	</concept>
  2186 	<concept>
  2187 		<term abbreviation="RMI" completeForm="Remote Method Invocation" language="en"/>
  2188 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2189 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2190 		<tag>java</tag>
  2191 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2192 	</concept>
  2193 	<concept>
  2194 		<term abbreviation="JAR" completeForm="Java ARchive" language="en"/>
  2195 		<explanation language="en">
  2196 			<text>
  2197 				an archive format in which compiled Java classes, metadata and other resources are distributed;
  2198 				is based on the ZIP format and files have .jar extension;
  2199 				basic JAR files are used for desktop applications and Java libraries;
  2200 				there are also EAR and WAR for enterprise and web applications
  2201 			</text>
  2202 		</explanation>
  2203 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2204 		<tag>java</tag>
  2205 	</concept>
  2206 	<concept>
  2207 		<term abbreviation="EAR" completeForm="Enterprise ARchive" language="en"/>
  2208 		<explanation language="en">
  2209 			<text>
  2210 				a kind of JAR file in which an enterprise application is distributed/deployed
  2211 			</text>
  2212 		</explanation>
  2213 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2214 		<tag>java</tag>
  2215 	</concept>
  2216 	<concept>
  2217 		<term abbreviation="WAR" completeForm="Web ARchive" language="en"/>
  2218 		<explanation language="en">
  2219 			<text>
  2220 				a kind of JAR file in which a web application is distributed/deployed
  2221 			</text>
  2222 		</explanation>
  2223 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2224 		<tag>java</tag>
  2225 	</concept>
  2226 	<concept>
  2227 		<term abbreviation="RAR" completeForm="Resource Adapter aRchive" language="en"/>
  2228 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2229 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2230 		<tag>java</tag>
  2231 	</concept>
  2232 	<concept>
  2233 		<term abbreviation="AJP" completeForm="Apache JServ Protocol" language="en"/>
  2234 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2235 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2236 		<tag>java</tag>
  2237 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2238 	</concept>
  2239 	<concept>
  2240 		<term abbreviation="HTTP" completeForm="hypertext transfer protocol" language="en"/>
  2241 		<term abbreviation="HTTPS" completeForm="hypertext transfer protocol secure" language="en"/>
  2242 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2243 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2244 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2245 	</concept>
  2246 	<concept>
  2247 		<term abbreviation="SSL" completeForm="secure socket layer" language="en"/>
  2248 		<term abbreviation="TLS" completeForm="transport layer security" language="en"/>
  2249 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2250 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2251 		<tag>security</tag>
  2252 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2253 	</concept>
  2254 	<concept>
  2255 		<term abbreviation="DTLS" completeForm="datagram transport layer security" language="en"/>
  2256 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2257 		<tag>security</tag>
  2258 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2259 	</concept>
  2260 	<concept>
  2261 		<term abbreviation="BASH" completeForm="Bourne Again Shell" language="en"/>
  2262 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2263 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2264 	</concept>
  2265 	<concept>
  2266 		<term abbreviation="SH" completeForm="shell" language="en"/>
  2267 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2268 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2269 	</concept>
  2270 	<concept>
  2271 		<term abbreviation="SSH" completeForm="secure shell" language="en"/>
  2272 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="OpenSSH" language="en"/>
  2273 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2274 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2275 		<tag>security</tag>
  2276 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2277 	</concept>
  2278 	<concept>
  2279 		<term abbreviation="SCP" completeForm="secure copy" language="en"/>
  2280 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2281 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2282 		<tag>security</tag>
  2283 	</concept>
  2284 	<concept>
  2285 		<term abbreviation="SFTP" completeForm="SSH file transfer protocol" language="en"/>
  2286 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2287 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2288 		<tag>security</tag>
  2289 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2290 	</concept>
  2291 	<concept>
  2292 		<term abbreviation="FTP" completeForm="file transfer protocol" language="en"/>
  2293 		<term abbreviation="FTPS" completeForm="file transfer protocol secure" language="en"/>
  2294 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2295 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2296 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2297 	</concept>
  2298 	<concept>
  2299 		<term abbreviation="PGP" completeForm="Pretty Good Privacy" language="en"/>
  2300 		<term abbreviation="GPG" completeForm="GNU Privacy Guard" language="en"/>
  2301 		<term abbreviation="GnuPG" completeForm="GNU Privacy Guard" language="en"/>
  2302 		<term abbreviation="OpenPGP" completeForm="Open Pretty Good Privacy" language="en"/>
  2303 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2304 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2305 		<tag>security</tag>
  2306 	</concept>
  2307 	<concept>
  2308 		<term abbreviation="DSA" completeForm="digital signature algorithm" language="en"/>
  2309 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2310 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2311 		<tag>security</tag>
  2312 	</concept>
  2313 	<concept>
  2314 		<term abbreviation="RSA" completeForm="Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman" language="en"/>
  2315 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2316 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2317 		<tag>security</tag>
  2318 	</concept>
  2319 	<concept>
  2320 		<term abbreviation="EC" completeForm="elliptic curve" language="en"/>
  2321 		<term abbreviation="ECC" completeForm="elliptic curve cryptography" language="en"/>
  2322 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2323 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2324 		<tag>security</tag>
  2325 	</concept>
  2326 	<concept>
  2327 		<term abbreviation="AES" completeForm="Advanced Encryption Standard" language="en"/>
  2328 		<term abbreviation="AES-128" completeForm="Advanced Encryption Standard 128-bit" language="en"/>
  2329 		<term abbreviation="AES-192" completeForm="Advanced Encryption Standard 192-bit" language="en"/>
  2330 		<term abbreviation="AES-256" completeForm="Advanced Encryption Standard 256-bit" language="en"/>
  2331 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2332 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2333 		<tag>security</tag>
  2334 	</concept>
  2335 	<concept>
  2336 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Camellia" language="en"/>
  2337 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2338 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2339 		<tag>security</tag>
  2340 	</concept>
  2341 	<concept>
  2342 		<term abbreviation="SHA" completeForm="secure hash algorithm" language="en"/>
  2343 		<term abbreviation="SHA-1" completeForm="secure hash algorithm 160-bit" language="en"/>
  2344 		<term abbreviation="SHA-2" completeForm="" language="en"/>
  2345 		<term abbreviation="SHA-3" completeForm="" language="en"/>
  2346 		<term abbreviation="SHA-256" completeForm="secure hash algorithm 256-bit" language="en"/>
  2347 		<term abbreviation="SHA-512" completeForm="secure hash algorithm 512-bit" language="en"/>
  2348 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2349 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2350 		<tag>security</tag>
  2351 	</concept>
  2352 	<concept>
  2353 		<term abbreviation="MD4" completeForm="message-digest algorithm 4" language="en"/>
  2354 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2355 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2356 		<tag>security</tag>
  2357 	</concept>
  2358 	<concept>
  2359 		<term abbreviation="MD5" completeForm="message-digest algorithm 5" language="en"/>
  2360 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2361 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2362 		<tag>security</tag>
  2363 	</concept>
  2364 	<concept>
  2365 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="ethernet" language="en"/>
  2366 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2367 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2368 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2369 	</concept>
  2370 	<concept>
  2371 		<term abbreviation="LAN" completeForm="local area network" language="en"/>
  2372 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2373 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2374 	</concept>
  2375 	<concept>
  2376 		<term abbreviation="WAN" completeForm="wide area network" language="en"/>
  2377 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2378 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2379 	</concept>
  2380 	<concept>
  2381 		<term abbreviation="WLAN" completeForm="wireless local area network" language="en"/>
  2382 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2383 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2384 	</concept>
  2385 	<concept>
  2386 		<term abbreviation="VLAN" completeForm="virtual local area network" language="en"/>
  2387 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2388 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2389 		<tag>security</tag>
  2390 	</concept>
  2391 	<concept>
  2392 		<term abbreviation="IP" completeForm="Internet Protocol" language="en"/>
  2393 		<term abbreviation="IPv4" completeForm="Internet Protocol version 4" language="en"/>
  2394 		<term abbreviation="IPv6" completeForm="Internet Protocol version 6" language="en"/>
  2395 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="IP address" language="en"/>
  2396 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2397 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2398 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2399 	</concept>
  2400 	<concept>
  2401 		<term abbreviation="FQDN" completeForm="fully qualified domain name" language="en"/>
  2402 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="absolute domain name" language="en"/>
  2403 		<explanation language="en">
  2404 			<text>
  2405 				a domain name like „some-machine.example.com“ which completely specifies the location in the DNS hierarchy including the TLD;
  2406 				compared to „some-machine“ which is not FQDN – is not globally unambiguous and will be resolved differently in different contexts
  2407 			</text>
  2408 		</explanation>
  2409 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2410 	</concept>
  2411 	<concept>
  2412 		<term abbreviation="MAC" completeForm="media access control" language="en"/>
  2413 		<explanation language="en">
  2414 			<text>
  2415 				a data communication protocol, a sublayer of the layer 2 in OSI model (data link layer); 
  2416 				a MAC address is a unique identifier of an network interface – used for IEEE 802 networks including Ethernet;
  2417 				they are assigned by the manufacturer of the card and stored in the hardware (can be often changed by the software);
  2418 				there are three numbering namespaces: MAC-48, EUI-48 and EUI-64;
  2419 				the address has 6 or 8 bytes and they are usually written in HEX, octets separated by : (a colon)
  2420 			</text>
  2421 		</explanation>
  2422 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2423 	</concept>
  2424 	<concept>
  2425 		<term abbreviation="TCP" completeForm="transmission control protocol" language="en"/>
  2426 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2427 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2428 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2429 	</concept>
  2430 	<concept>
  2431 		<term abbreviation="UDP" completeForm="user datagram protocol" language="en"/>
  2432 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2433 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2434 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2435 	</concept>
  2436 	<concept>
  2437 		<term abbreviation="SCTP" completeForm="stream control transmission protocol" language="en"/>
  2438 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2439 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2440 	</concept>
  2441 	<concept>
  2442 		<term abbreviation="QoS" completeForm="quality of service" language="en"/>
  2443 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2444 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2445 	</concept>
  2446 	<concept>
  2447 		<term abbreviation="FUP" completeForm="fair usage policy" language="en"/>
  2448 		<explanation language="en">
  2449 			<text>
  2450 				a set of rules that should avoid excessive usage of a service by one user to the detriment of other user's comfort;
  2451 				example: „You can download 10 GB at full speed every month. If you exceed this limit the speed of your connection will descend to 64 kb/s“
  2452 			</text>
  2453 		</explanation>
  2454 	</concept>
  2455 	<concept>
  2456 		<term abbreviation="API" completeForm="application programming interface" language="en"/>
  2457 		<explanation language="en">
  2458 			<text>
  2459 				specifies interaction between software components;
  2460 				adds an abstraction layer which divides calling code and called code
  2461 				and enables multiple implementations of such API (or SPI) like multiple databases (database drivers), file systems, remote services etc.
  2462 				examples of API: POSIX, OpenGL, JDBC, JMS or JMX
  2463 			</text>
  2464 		</explanation>
  2465 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2466 	</concept>
  2467 	<concept>
  2468 		<term abbreviation="SPI" completeForm="service provider interface" language="en"/>
  2469 		<explanation language="en">
  2470 			<text>
  2471 				a kind of API to be implemented by third party;
  2472 				can be installed as plugin/addon/extension and used by the application over standard interface;
  2473 				examples of SPI: JDBC, JNDI or JAXP
  2474 			</text>
  2475 		</explanation>
  2476 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2477 		<tag>java</tag>
  2478 	</concept>
  2479 	<concept>
  2480 		<term abbreviation="JMX" completeForm="Java management extensions" language="en"/>
  2481 		<term abbreviation="MBean" completeForm="managed bean" language="en"/>
  2482 		<explanation language="en">
  2483 			<text>
  2484 				a Java technology for monitoring and managing applications or devices;
  2485 				similar to SNMP;
  2486 				managed objects (MBeans) can emit events, can be asked for values (e.g. counters) or an action (method) can be called on them;
  2487 				this native Java technology can be also adapted/translated to other protocols like SNMP or WS/SOAP and integrated with the non-Java world;
  2488 				thanks to this abstraction, the managed object can implement only simple Java interface and don't have to deal with other protocols (which is job of generic adaptors)
  2489 			</text>
  2490 		</explanation>
  2491 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2492 		<tag>java</tag>
  2493 	</concept>
  2494 	<concept>
  2495 		<term abbreviation="JMS" completeForm="Java message service" language="en"/>
  2496 		<explanation language="en">
  2497 			<text>
  2498 				a Java API for message-oriented middleware (MOM);
  2499 				allows JEE components to create, send, receive and read messages;
  2500 				supports both point-to-point and publish-subscribe messaging models;
  2501 				can be adapted/translated to many other protocols like SMTP, AMQP, XMPP or SOAP;
  2502 				is defined in  JSR 914;
  2503 				examples of JMS implementations: Apache ActiveMQ, OpenJMS, HornetQ
  2504 			</text>
  2505 		</explanation>
  2506 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2507 		<tag>java</tag>
  2508 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  2509 	</concept>
  2510 	<concept>
  2511 		<term abbreviation="MOM" completeForm="message-oriented middleware" language="en"/>
  2512 		<explanation language="en">
  2513 			<text>
  2514 				a software (or even hardware) infrastructure for sending and receiving messages;
  2515 				can also offer routing and transformation features;
  2516 				for Java the MOM API is standardized as JMS
  2517 			</text>
  2518 		</explanation>
  2519 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2520 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  2521 	</concept>
  2522 	<concept>
  2523 		<term abbreviation="AMQP" completeForm="advanced message queuing protocol" language="en"/>
  2524 		<explanation language="en">
  2525 			<text>
  2526 				an open and standard binary protocol for message-oriented middleware (MOM);
  2527 				is vendor and platform independent;
  2528 				whereas JMS defines programming API and is Java specific, the AMQP defines the wire-level protocol;
  2529 				so JMS (or other language/platform specific API) can be used inside the system and AMQP can be used for interconnection of systems in heterogenous environment;
  2530 				example of implementation: Apache ActiveMQ
  2531 			</text>
  2532 		</explanation>
  2533 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2534 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  2535 	</concept>
  2536 	<concept>
  2537 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="wire-level protocol" language="en"/>
  2538 		<explanation language="en">
  2539 			<text>
  2540 				the format of data sent over the network as stream of bytes;
  2541 				an application layer protocol
  2542 			</text>
  2543 		</explanation>
  2544 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2545 	</concept>
  2546 	<concept>
  2547 		<term abbreviation="JCA" completeForm="Java connector architecture" language="en"/>
  2548 		<explanation language="en">
  2549 			<text>
  2550 				a Java EE technology for connecting application servers (AS) and enterprise information systems (EIS);
  2551 				is similar to JDBC (which is used for connecting to databases) but is much more generic
  2552 				and allows connecting any (often legacy) system using a specific connector
  2553 			</text>
  2554 		</explanation>
  2555 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2556 		<tag>java</tag>
  2557 	</concept>
  2558 	<concept>
  2559 		<term abbreviation="EIS" completeForm="enterprise information system" language="en"/>
  2560 		<explanation language="en">
  2561 			<text>
  2562 				an enterprise-class software system;
  2563 				typically high quality and critical service, large volumes of data, robust, supporting business processes
  2564 			</text>
  2565 		</explanation>
  2566 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2567 	</concept>
  2568 	<concept>
  2569 		<term abbreviation="OSGi" completeForm="Open Services Gateway initiative" language="en"/>
  2570 		<explanation language="en">
  2571 			<text>
  2572 				a framework and module system for Java;
  2573 				allows applications with modular architecture composed from components
  2574 				that can be loaded, started, stopped, updated or uninstalled without restarting the JVM and the application;
  2575 				examples of OSGi implementations: Apache Felix, Equinox and Knopflerfish
  2576 			</text>
  2577 		</explanation>
  2578 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2579 		<tag>java</tag>
  2580 	</concept>
  2581 	<concept>
  2582 		<term abbreviation="VPN" completeForm="virtual private network" language="en"/>
  2583 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2584 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2585 		<tag>security</tag>
  2586 	</concept>
  2587 	<concept>
  2588 		<term abbreviation="P2P" completeForm="peer to peer" language="en"/>
  2589 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2590 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2591 	</concept>
  2592 	<concept>
  2593 		<term abbreviation="DNS" completeForm="domain name system" language="en"/>
  2594 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2595 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2596 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2597 	</concept>
  2598 	<concept>
  2599 		<term abbreviation="ENUM" completeForm="E.164 number mapping" language="en"/>
  2600 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2601 	</concept>
  2602 	<concept>
  2603 		<term abbreviation="NAPTR" completeForm="naming authority pointer resource records" language="en"/>
  2604 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2605 	</concept>
  2606 	<concept>
  2607 		<term abbreviation="SPID" completeForm="service profile identifier" language="en"/>
  2608 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2609 	</concept>
  2610 	<concept>
  2611 		<term abbreviation="DN" completeForm="distinguished name" language="en"/>
  2612 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2613 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2614 	</concept>
  2615 	<concept>
  2616 		<term abbreviation="CN" completeForm="common name" language="en"/>
  2617 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2618 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2619 	</concept>
  2620 	<concept>
  2621 		<term abbreviation="SN" completeForm="surname" language="en"/>
  2622 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2623 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2624 	</concept>
  2625 	<concept>
  2626 		<term abbreviation="DC" completeForm="domain component" language="en"/>
  2627 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2628 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2629 	</concept>
  2630 	<concept>
  2631 		<term abbreviation="CR" completeForm="change request" language="en"/>
  2632 		<explanation language="en">
  2633 			<text>
  2634 				a request for changing a software – new features or modification of existing ones;
  2635 				when one or more CRs are developed, they are delivered as new version of software product;
  2636 				CR is requested by the customer (mobile network operator) and is delivered by the development team;
  2637 				CR consists of one or more DT which are assigned to particular developers
  2638 			</text>
  2639 		</explanation>
  2640 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2641 	</concept>
  2642 	<concept>
  2643 		<term abbreviation="DT" completeForm="development ticket" language="en"/>
  2644 		<explanation language="en">
  2645 			<text>
  2646 				a task assigned to a software developer;
  2647 				one or more DTs together usually forms a CR;
  2648 				it is also possible to have an internal DT which is not linked to any CR (e.g. some refactoring or fixes or maintenence which was not requested by the customer);
  2649 				each commit in the versioning system should be linked to a DT
  2650 			</text>
  2651 		</explanation>
  2652 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2653 	</concept>
  2654 	<concept>
  2655 		<term abbreviation="TT" completeForm="trouble ticket" language="en"/>
  2656 		<explanation language="en">
  2657 			<text>
  2658 				a request for fixing something in the production;
  2659 				requires some investigation and then can be solved by changing the configuration on site or by fixing the software (development)
  2660 			</text>
  2661 		</explanation>
  2662 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2663 	</concept>
  2664 	<concept>
  2665 		<term abbreviation="SRS" completeForm="System Requirement Specification" language="en"/>
  2666 		<explanation language="en">
  2667 			<text>
  2668 				requirements on a software product or its particular change;
  2669 				is written from the system's point of view
  2670 			</text>
  2671 		</explanation>
  2672 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2673 	</concept>
  2674 	<concept>
  2675 		<term abbreviation="URS" completeForm="User Requirement Specification" language="en"/>
  2676 		<explanation language="en">
  2677 			<text>
  2678 				requirements on a software product or its particular change;
  2679 				is written from the user's point of view
  2680 			</text>
  2681 		</explanation>
  2682 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2683 	</concept>
  2684 	<concept>
  2685 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="engineering build" language="en"/>
  2686 		<explanation language="en">
  2687 			<text>
  2688 				a build of a software product which was not done according to regular procedure and processes;
  2689 				might be used only for testing on site or during development – not in production;
  2690 				such software is often delivered as a tar.gz or JAR, WAR etc. file to be patched into existing installation, not as regular package (RPM, DEB etc.) as production version
  2691 			</text>
  2692 		</explanation>
  2693 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2694 	</concept>
  2695 	<concept>
  2696 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="monkey patching" language="en"/>
  2697 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2698 	</concept>
  2699 	<concept>
  2700 		<term abbreviation="GMT" completeForm="Greenwich mean time" language="en"/>
  2701 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2702 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2703 	</concept>
  2704 	<concept>
  2705 		<term abbreviation="UTC" completeForm="coordinated universal time" language="en"/>
  2706 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2707 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2708 	</concept>
  2709 	<concept>
  2710 		<term abbreviation="TZ" completeForm="timezone" language="en"/>
  2711 		<term abbreviation="TZ" completeForm="time-zone" language="en"/>
  2712 		<term abbreviation="TZ" completeForm="time zone" language="en"/>
  2713 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2714 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2715 	</concept>
  2716 	<concept>
  2717 		<term abbreviation="IETF" completeForm="Internet Engineering Task Force" language="en"/>
  2718 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2719 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2720 	</concept>
  2721 	<concept>
  2722 		<term abbreviation="RFC" completeForm="request for comments" language="en"/>
  2723 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2724 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2725 	</concept>
  2726 	<concept>
  2727 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="vendor lock-in" language="en"/>
  2728 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="vendor-lock-in" language="en"/>
  2729 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="vendor lock in" language="en"/>
  2730 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2731 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2732 	</concept>
  2733 	<concept>
  2734 		<term abbreviation="UT" completeForm="unit test" language="en"/>
  2735 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2736 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2737 	</concept>
  2738 	<concept>
  2739 		<term abbreviation="AT" completeForm="acceptance testing" language="en"/>
  2740 		<term abbreviation="UAT" completeForm="user acceptance testing" language="en"/>
  2741 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2742 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2743 	</concept>
  2744 	<concept>
  2745 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="code coverage" language="en"/>
  2746 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2747 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2748 	</concept>
  2749 	<concept>
  2750 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="jUnit" language="en"/>
  2751 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2752 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2753 		<tag>java</tag>
  2754 	</concept>
  2755 	<concept>
  2756 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="TestNG" language="en"/>
  2757 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2758 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2759 		<tag>java</tag>
  2760 	</concept>
  2761 	<concept>
  2762 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="tcpdump" language="en"/>
  2763 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="tshark" language="en"/>
  2764 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="wireshark" language="en"/>
  2765 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2766 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2767 		<tag>security</tag>
  2768 	</concept>
  2769 	<concept>
  2770 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="Asterisk" language="en"/>
  2771 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2772 	</concept>
  2773 	<concept>
  2774 		<term abbreviation="OTR" completeForm="off-the-record messaging" language="en"/>
  2775 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2776 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2777 		<tag>security</tag>
  2778 		<tag>messaging</tag>
  2779 		<tag>protocol</tag>
  2780 	</concept>
  2781 	<concept>
  2782 		<term abbreviation="CLI" completeForm="command-line interface" language="en"/>
  2783 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2784 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2785 	</concept>
  2786 	<concept>
  2787 		<term abbreviation="TUI" completeForm="text user interface" language="en"/>
  2788 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2789 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2790 	</concept>
  2791 	<concept>
  2792 		<term abbreviation="GUI" completeForm="graphical user interface" language="en"/>
  2793 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2794 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2795 	</concept>
  2796 	<concept>
  2797 		<term abbreviation="UI" completeForm="user interface" language="en"/>
  2798 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2799 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2800 	</concept>
  2801 	<concept>
  2802 		<term abbreviation="EOL" completeForm="end of line" language="en"/>
  2803 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2804 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2805 	</concept>
  2806 	<concept>
  2807 		<term abbreviation="COB" completeForm="close of business" language="en"/>
  2808 		<!-- e.g. you have until COB today to show us why you should not be disconnected -->
  2809 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2810 		<tag>general</tag>
  2811 	</concept>
  2812 	<concept>
  2813 		<term abbreviation="SCCB" completeForm="software configuration control board" language="en"/>
  2814 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2815 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2816 	</concept>
  2817 	<concept>
  2818 		<term abbreviation="SCCB" completeForm="site configuration control board" language="en"/>
  2819 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2820 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2821 	</concept>
  2822 	<concept>
  2823 		<term abbreviation="RBDL" completeForm="rule based decision logic" language="en"/>
  2824 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2825 		<tag>acision</tag>
  2826 	</concept>
  2827 	
  2828 	<concept>
  2829 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="OpenMoko" language="en"/>
  2830 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="FreeRunner" language="en"/>
  2831 		<explanation language="en">
  2832 			<text>
  2833 				an open hardware GSM phone
  2834 			</text>
  2835 		</explanation>
  2836 	</concept>
  2837 	<concept>
  2838 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="OpenBSC" language="en"/>
  2839 		<!-- Osmocom -->
  2840 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2841 	</concept>
  2842 	<concept>
  2843 		<term abbreviation="BSC" completeForm="base station controller" language="en"/>
  2844 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2845 	</concept>
  2846 	<concept>
  2847 		<term abbreviation="BTS" completeForm="base transceiver station" language="en"/>
  2848 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2849 	</concept>
  2850 	<concept>
  2851 		<term abbreviation="MSC" completeForm="mobile switching center" language="en"/>
  2852 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2853 	</concept>
  2854 	<concept>
  2855 		<term abbreviation="HLR" completeForm="home location register" language="en"/>
  2856 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2857 	</concept>
  2858 	<concept>
  2859 		<term abbreviation="AuC" completeForm="authentication center" language="en"/>
  2860 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2861 	</concept>
  2862 	<concept>
  2863 		<term abbreviation="VLR" completeForm="visitor location register" language="en"/>
  2864 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2865 	</concept>
  2866 	<concept>
  2867 		<term abbreviation="EIR" completeForm="equipment identity register" language="en"/>
  2868 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2869 	</concept>
  2870 	<concept>
  2871 		<term abbreviation="FXO" completeForm="foreign exchange office" language="en"/>
  2872 		<explanation language="en">
  2873 			<text>
  2874 				the FXO interface is typically the plug on the phone (or modem)
  2875 				which receives the POTS service;
  2876 				should be connected to an FXS interface (not to another FXO interface)
  2877 			</text>
  2878 		</explanation>
  2879 	</concept>
  2880 	<concept>
  2881 		<term abbreviation="FXS" completeForm="foreign exchange station" language="en"/>
  2882 		<explanation language="en">
  2883 			<text>
  2884 				the FXS interface is typically the plug on the wall
  2885 				which delivers the POTS service from telephone company to the subscriber;
  2886 				this interface
  2887 					supplies battery power,
  2888 					ringing voltage
  2889 					and dial tone;
  2890 				should be connected to an FXO interface (not to another FXS interface)
  2891 			</text>
  2892 		</explanation>
  2893 	</concept>
  2894 	<concept>
  2895 		<term abbreviation="PBX" completeForm="private branch exchange" language="en"/>
  2896 		<explanation language="en">
  2897 			<text>
  2898 				a kind of telephone exchange used in some office or company for its own purposes;
  2899 				provides FSX interface for connected phones;
  2900 				can have FXO interface for connecting to PSTN (for calling outside the company);
  2901 				nowadays are often deployed digital VoIP PBXes based on free software like Asterisk;
  2902 				such telephony can be pure IP based with no POTS or can have some FSX or FXO interfaces
  2903 			</text>
  2904 		</explanation>
  2905 	</concept>
  2906 	<concept>
  2907 		<term abbreviation="PLMN" completeForm="public land mobile network" language="en"/>
  2908 		<explanation language="en">
  2909 			<text>
  2910 				a network established for providing mobile telecommunications services to the public;
  2911 				e.g. GSM or UMTS networks operated by various carriers;
  2912 				particular PLMNs are identified by MCC and MNC codes
  2913 			</text>
  2914 		</explanation>
  2915 	</concept>
  2916 	<concept>
  2917 		<term abbreviation="PSTN" completeForm="public switched telephone network" language="en"/>
  2918 		<explanation language="en">
  2919 			<text>
  2920 				the worldwide public telephony network consisting of networks of particular carriers;
  2921 				the network is developed according to ITU-T standards and recommendations
  2922 				and uses uniform system of telephone numbers based on ITU-T recommendation E.164
  2923 				which provides a single global address space for telephone numbers
  2924 			</text>
  2925 		</explanation>
  2926 	</concept>
  2927 	<concept>
  2928 		<term abbreviation="POTS" completeForm="plain old telephone service" language="en"/>
  2929 		<explanation language="en">
  2930 			<text>
  2931 				traditional wired telephony based on analog signals
  2932 				(contrary to ISDN which is digital)
  2933 			</text>
  2934 		</explanation>
  2935 	</concept>
  2936 	<concept>
  2937 		<term abbreviation="CID" completeForm="caller ID" language="en"/>
  2938 		<term abbreviation="CLIP" completeForm="calling line identification presentation" language="en"/>
  2939 		<term abbreviation="CLID" completeForm="calling line identification" language="en"/>
  2940 		<term abbreviation="CNID" completeForm="calling number identification" language="en"/>
  2941 		<term abbreviation="CND" completeForm="calling number delivery" language="en"/>
  2942 		<explanation language="en">
  2943 			<text>
  2944 				a service that delivers caller's phone number to the called party's device during ringing;
  2945 				so the called party knows who is calling before answering the phone;
  2946 				this service is common in digital networks like VoIP, GSM or ISDN but can be provided also on analog POTS networks
  2947 			</text>
  2948 		</explanation>
  2949 	</concept>
  2950 	<concept>
  2951 		<term abbreviation="DTMF" completeForm="dual-tone multi-frequency signaling" language="en"/>
  2952 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2953 	</concept>
  2954 	<concept>
  2955 		<term abbreviation="AGC" completeForm="auto gain control" language="en"/>
  2956 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2957 	</concept>
  2958 	<concept>
  2959 		<term abbreviation="AEC" completeForm="auto echo cancellation" language="en"/>
  2960 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2961 	</concept>
  2962 	<concept>
  2963 		<term abbreviation="VAD" completeForm="voice activity detection" language="en"/>
  2964 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2965 	</concept>
  2966 	<concept>
  2967 		<term abbreviation="CNG" completeForm="comfort noise generation" language="en"/>
  2968 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2969 	</concept>
  2970 	<concept>
  2971 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="streamlining" language="en"/>
  2972 		<explanation language="en"><text>delivering better product faster with smaller teams of less-experienced engineers</text></explanation>
  2973 		<!-- Internal: if you dont understand, just ignore it :-) -->
  2974 	</concept>
  2975 	<concept>
  2976 		<term abbreviation="" completeForm="relevant company" language="en"/>
  2977 		<explanation language="en"><text>a company which is not going to bankrupt</text></explanation>
  2978 		<!-- Internal: if you dont understand, just ignore it :-) -->
  2979 	</concept>
  2980 	<concept>
  2981 		<term abbreviation="DAO" completeForm="data access object" language="en"/>
  2982 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2983 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2984 	</concept>
  2985 	<concept>
  2986 		<term abbreviation="DTO" completeForm="data transfer object" language="en"/>
  2987 		<explanation language="en"><text></text></explanation>
  2988 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2989 	</concept>
  2990 	<concept>
  2991 		<term abbreviation="GSoC" completeForm="Google Summer of Code" language="en"/>
  2992 		<explanation language="en"><text>an annual program (since 2005) for students working on tasks for free software (open-source) projects</text></explanation>
  2993 		<tag>computer</tag>
  2994 	</concept>
  2995 	<concept>
  2996 		<term abbreviation="TBD" completeForm="to be done" language="en"/>
  2997 		<term abbreviation="TODO" completeForm="to do" language="en"/>
  2998 		<explanation language="en"><text>Something that should or will be done later. Used as comments in draft version of documents or in software source code.</text></explanation>
  2999 		<tag>general</tag>
  3000 	</concept>
  3001 	<concept>
  3002 		<term abbreviation="FIXME" completeForm="fix me" language="en"/>
  3003 		<explanation language="en"><text>Something that should be fixed. Similar to TODO but describes rather some problem (bug) than feature request.</text></explanation>
  3004 		<tag>general</tag>
  3005 	</concept>
  3006 	<concept>
  3007 		<term abbreviation="WIP" completeForm="work in progress" language="en"/>
  3008 		<explanation language="en"><text>It is not finished yet but it is in more advanced state than TODO. Someone is working on this task.</text></explanation>
  3009 		<tag>general</tag>
  3010 	</concept>
  3011 	<concept>
  3012 		<term abbreviation="etc" completeForm="et cetera" language="la"/>
  3013 		<explanation language="en"><text>and so forth, and the rest</text></explanation>
  3014 		<tag>general</tag>
  3015 	</concept>
  3016 	<concept>
  3017 		<term abbreviation="e.g" completeForm="exempli gratia" language="la"/>
  3018 		<explanation language="en"><text>for instance, for example</text></explanation>
  3019 		<tag>general</tag>
  3020 	</concept>
  3021 	<concept>
  3022 		<term abbreviation="i.e." completeForm="id est" language="la"/>
  3023 		<explanation language="en"><text>in other words, that is</text></explanation>
  3024 		<tag>general</tag>
  3025 	</concept>
  3026 	<concept>
  3027 		<term abbreviation="i.a." completeForm="inter alia" language="la"/>
  3028 		<explanation language="en"><text>among other things</text></explanation>
  3029 		<tag>general</tag>
  3030 	</concept>
  3031 	<concept>
  3032 		<term abbreviation="N.B." completeForm="nota bene" language="la"/>
  3033 		<explanation language="en"><text>note well, note</text></explanation>
  3034 		<tag>general</tag>
  3035 	</concept>
  3036 	<concept>
  3037 		<term abbreviation="per cent." completeForm="per centum" language="la"/>
  3038 		<explanation language="en"><text>percent, for each one hundred</text></explanation>
  3039 		<tag>general</tag>
  3040 	</concept>
  3041 	<concept>
  3042 		<term abbreviation="p.a." completeForm="per annum" language="la"/>
  3043 		<explanation language="en"><text>annually</text></explanation>
  3044 		<tag>general</tag>
  3045 	</concept>
  3046 	<concept>
  3047 		<term abbreviation="cca" completeForm="circa" language="la"/>
  3048 		<explanation language="en"><text>approximately</text></explanation>
  3049 		<tag>general</tag>
  3050 	</concept>
  3051 	<concept>
  3052 		<term abbreviation="c.v." completeForm="curriculum vitae" language="la"/>
  3053 		<term abbreviation="CV" completeForm="curriculum vitae" language="la"/>
  3054 		<explanation language="en"><text>a document summarizing your relevant job experience and education</text></explanation>
  3055 		<tag>general</tag>
  3056 	</concept>
  3057 	<concept>
  3058 		<term abbreviation="et al." completeForm="et alii" language="la"/>
  3059 		<explanation language="en"><text>and others, and co-workers</text></explanation>
  3060 		<tag>general</tag>
  3061 	</concept>
  3062 	<concept>
  3063 		<term abbreviation="P.S." completeForm="post scriptum" language="la"/>
  3064 		<explanation language="en"><text>after what has been written; used at the end of the letters/messages for additions</text></explanation>
  3065 		<tag>general</tag>
  3066 	</concept>
  3067 	<concept>
  3068 		<term abbreviation="Q.E.D." completeForm="quod erat demonstrandum" language="la"/>
  3069 		<explanation language="en"><text>which was to be demonstrated</text></explanation>
  3070 		<tag>general</tag>
  3071 	</concept>
  3072 	<concept>
  3073 		<term abbreviation="R.I.P." completeForm="requiescat in pace" language="la"/>
  3074 		<explanation language="en"><text>rest in peace</text></explanation>
  3075 		<tag>general</tag>
  3076 	</concept>
  3077 	<concept>
  3078 		<term abbreviation="vs." completeForm="versus" language="la"/>
  3079 		<explanation language="en"><text>against</text></explanation>
  3080 		<tag>general</tag>
  3081 	</concept>
  3082 </dictionary>