/*

  *   SONEWS News Server

  *   see AUTHORS for the list of contributors

  *

  *   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

  *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by

  *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

  *   (at your option) any later version.

  *

  *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

  *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

  *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

  *   GNU General Public License for more details.

  *

  *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

  *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  */

 package org.sonews.storage.impl;

 import java.sql.Connection;

 import java.sql.DriverManager;

 import java.sql.ResultSet;

 import java.sql.SQLException;

 import java.sql.Statement;

 import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

 import java.util.ArrayList;

 import java.util.Enumeration;

 import java.util.List;

 import java.util.regex.Matcher;

 import java.util.regex.Pattern;

 import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;

 import javax.mail.Header;

 import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;

 import org.sonews.config.Config;

 import org.sonews.util.Log;

 import org.sonews.feed.Subscription;

 import org.sonews.storage.Article;

 import org.sonews.storage.ArticleHead;

 import org.sonews.storage.Channel;

 import org.sonews.storage.Group;

 import org.sonews.storage.Storage;

 import org.sonews.storage.StorageBackendException;

 import org.sonews.util.Pair;

 /**

  * JDBCDatabase facade class.

  * @author Christian Lins

  * @since sonews/0.5.0

  */

 // TODO: Refactor this class to reduce size (e.g. ArticleDatabase GroupDatabase)

 public class JDBCDatabase implements Storage

 {

   public static final int MAX_RESTARTS = 3;

   private Connection        conn = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtAddArticle1 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtAddArticle2 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtAddArticle3 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtAddArticle4 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtAddGroup0   = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtAddEvent = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtCountArticles = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtCountGroups   = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtDeleteArticle0 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtDeleteArticle1 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtDeleteArticle2 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtDeleteArticle3 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticle0 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticle1 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticleHeaders0 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticleHeaders1 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticleHeads = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticleIDs   = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetArticleIndex    = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetConfigValue = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetEventsCount0 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetEventsCount1 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetGroupForList = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetGroup0     = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetGroup1     = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetFirstArticleNumber = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetListForGroup       = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetLastArticleNumber  = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetMaxArticleID       = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetMaxArticleIndex    = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetOldestArticle      = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetPostingsCount      = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtGetSubscriptions  = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtIsArticleExisting = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtIsGroupExisting = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtPurgeGroup0     = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtPurgeGroup1     = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtSetConfigValue0 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtSetConfigValue1 = null;

   private PreparedStatement pstmtUpdateGroup     = null;

   /** How many times the database connection was reinitialized */

   private int restarts = 0;

   /**

    * Rises the database: reconnect and recreate all prepared statements.

    * @throws java.lang.SQLException

    */

   protected void arise()

     throws SQLException

   {

     try

     {

       // Load database driver

       Class.forName(

               Config.inst().get(Config.STORAGE_DBMSDRIVER, "java.lang.Object"));

       // Establish database connection

       this.conn = DriverManager.getConnection(

               Config.inst().get(Config.STORAGE_DATABASE, "<not specified>"),

               Config.inst().get(Config.STORAGE_USER, "root"),

               Config.inst().get(Config.STORAGE_PASSWORD, ""));

       this.conn.setTransactionIsolation(Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE);

       if(this.conn.getTransactionIsolation() != Connection.TRANSACTION_SERIALIZABLE)

       {

         Log.get().warning("Database is NOT fully serializable!");

       }

       // Prepare statements for method addArticle()

       this.pstmtAddArticle1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO articles (article_id, body) VALUES(?, ?)");

       this.pstmtAddArticle2 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO headers (article_id, header_key, header_value, header_index) " +

         "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)");

       this.pstmtAddArticle3 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO postings (group_id, article_id, article_index)" +

         "VALUES (?, ?, ?)");

       this.pstmtAddArticle4 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO article_ids (article_id, message_id) VALUES (?, ?)");

       // Prepare statement for method addStatValue()

       this.pstmtAddEvent = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO events VALUES (?, ?, ?)");

       // Prepare statement for method addGroup()

       this.pstmtAddGroup0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO groups (name, flags) VALUES (?, ?)");

       // Prepare statement for method countArticles()

       this.pstmtCountArticles = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Count(article_id) FROM article_ids");

       // Prepare statement for method countGroups()

       this.pstmtCountGroups = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Count(group_id) FROM groups WHERE " +

         "flags & " + Channel.DELETED + " = 0");

       // Prepare statements for method delete(article)

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM articles WHERE article_id = " +

         "(SELECT article_id FROM article_ids WHERE message_id = ?)");

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM headers WHERE article_id = " +

         "(SELECT article_id FROM article_ids WHERE message_id = ?)");

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle2 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM postings WHERE article_id = " +

         "(SELECT article_id FROM article_ids WHERE message_id = ?)");

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle3 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM article_ids WHERE message_id = ?");

       // Prepare statements for methods getArticle()

       this.pstmtGetArticle0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT * FROM articles  WHERE article_id = " +

         "(SELECT article_id FROM article_ids WHERE message_id = ?)");

       this.pstmtGetArticle1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT * FROM articles WHERE article_id = " +

         "(SELECT article_id FROM postings WHERE " +

         "article_index = ? AND group_id = ?)");

       // Prepare statement for method getArticleHeaders()

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT header_key, header_value FROM headers WHERE article_id = ? " +

         "ORDER BY header_index ASC");

       // Prepare statement for method getArticleHeaders(regular expr pattern)

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT p.article_index, h.header_value FROM headers h " +

           "INNER JOIN postings p ON h.article_id = p.article_id " +

           "INNER JOIN groups g ON p.group_id = g.group_id " +

             "WHERE g.name          =  ? AND " +

                   "h.header_key    =  ? AND " +

                   "p.article_index >= ? " +

         "ORDER BY p.article_index ASC");

       this.pstmtGetArticleIDs = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT article_index FROM postings WHERE group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getArticleIndex

       this.pstmtGetArticleIndex = conn.prepareStatement(

               "SELECT article_index FROM postings WHERE " +

               "article_id = (SELECT article_id FROM article_ids " +

               "WHERE message_id = ?) " +

               " AND group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statements for method getArticleHeads()

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeads = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT article_id, article_index FROM postings WHERE " +

         "postings.group_id = ? AND article_index >= ? AND " +

         "article_index <= ?");

       // Prepare statements for method getConfigValue()

       this.pstmtGetConfigValue = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT config_value FROM config WHERE config_key = ?");

       // Prepare statements for method getEventsCount()

       this.pstmtGetEventsCount0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Count(*) FROM events WHERE event_key = ? AND " +

         "event_time >= ? AND event_time < ?");

       this.pstmtGetEventsCount1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Count(*) FROM events WHERE event_key = ? AND " +

         "event_time >= ? AND event_time < ? AND group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getGroupForList()

       this.pstmtGetGroupForList = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT name FROM groups INNER JOIN groups2list " +

         "ON groups.group_id = groups2list.group_id " +

         "WHERE groups2list.listaddress = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getGroup()

       this.pstmtGetGroup0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT group_id, flags FROM groups WHERE Name = ?");

       this.pstmtGetGroup1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT name FROM groups WHERE group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getLastArticleNumber()

       this.pstmtGetLastArticleNumber = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Max(article_index) FROM postings WHERE group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getListForGroup()

       this.pstmtGetListForGroup = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT listaddress FROM groups2list INNER JOIN groups " +

         "ON groups.group_id = groups2list.group_id WHERE name = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getMaxArticleID()

       this.pstmtGetMaxArticleID = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Max(article_id) FROM articles");

       // Prepare statement for method getMaxArticleIndex()

       this.pstmtGetMaxArticleIndex = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Max(article_index) FROM postings WHERE group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getOldestArticle()

       this.pstmtGetOldestArticle = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT message_id FROM article_ids WHERE article_id = " +

         "(SELECT Min(article_id) FROM article_ids)");

       // Prepare statement for method getFirstArticleNumber()

       this.pstmtGetFirstArticleNumber = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Min(article_index) FROM postings WHERE group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getPostingsCount()

       this.pstmtGetPostingsCount = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Count(*) FROM postings NATURAL JOIN groups " +

         "WHERE groups.name = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method getSubscriptions()

       this.pstmtGetSubscriptions = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT host, port, name FROM peers NATURAL JOIN " +

         "peer_subscriptions NATURAL JOIN groups WHERE feedtype = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method isArticleExisting()

       this.pstmtIsArticleExisting = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT Count(article_id) FROM article_ids WHERE message_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method isGroupExisting()

       this.pstmtIsGroupExisting = conn.prepareStatement(

         "SELECT * FROM groups WHERE name = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method setConfigValue()

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM config WHERE config_key = ?");

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "INSERT INTO config VALUES(?, ?)");

       // Prepare statements for method purgeGroup()

       this.pstmtPurgeGroup0 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM peer_subscriptions WHERE group_id = ?");

       this.pstmtPurgeGroup1 = conn.prepareStatement(

         "DELETE FROM groups WHERE group_id = ?");

       // Prepare statement for method update(Group)

       this.pstmtUpdateGroup = conn.prepareStatement(

         "UPDATE groups SET flags = ?, name = ? WHERE group_id = ?");

     }

     catch(ClassNotFoundException ex)

     {

       throw new Error("JDBC Driver not found!", ex);

     }

   }

   /**

    * Adds an article to the database.

    * @param article

    * @return

    * @throws java.sql.SQLException

    */

   @Override

   public void addArticle(final Article article)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);

       int newArticleID = getMaxArticleID() + 1;

       // Fill prepared statement with values;

       // writes body to article table

       pstmtAddArticle1.setInt(1, newArticleID);

       pstmtAddArticle1.setBytes(2, article.getBody());

       pstmtAddArticle1.execute();

       // Add headers

       Enumeration headers = article.getAllHeaders();

       for(int n = 0; headers.hasMoreElements(); n++)

       {

         Header header = (Header)headers.nextElement();

         pstmtAddArticle2.setInt(1, newArticleID);

         pstmtAddArticle2.setString(2, header.getName().toLowerCase());

         pstmtAddArticle2.setString(3, 

           header.getValue().replaceAll("[\r\n]", ""));

         pstmtAddArticle2.setInt(4, n);

         pstmtAddArticle2.execute();

       }

       // For each newsgroup add a reference

       List<Group> groups = article.getGroups();

       for(Group group : groups)

       {

         pstmtAddArticle3.setLong(1, group.getInternalID());

         pstmtAddArticle3.setInt(2, newArticleID);

         pstmtAddArticle3.setLong(3, getMaxArticleIndex(group.getInternalID()) + 1);

         pstmtAddArticle3.execute();

       }

       // Write message-id to article_ids table

       this.pstmtAddArticle4.setInt(1, newArticleID);

       this.pstmtAddArticle4.setString(2, article.getMessageID());

       this.pstmtAddArticle4.execute();

       this.conn.commit();

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(true);

       this.restarts = 0; // Reset error count

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       try

       {

         this.conn.rollback();  // Rollback changes

       }

       catch(SQLException ex2)

       {

         Log.get().severe("Rollback of addArticle() failed: " + ex2);

       }

       try

       {

         this.conn.setAutoCommit(true); // and release locks

       }

       catch(SQLException ex2)

       {

         Log.get().severe("setAutoCommit(true) of addArticle() failed: " + ex2);

       }

       restartConnection(ex);

       addArticle(article);

     }

   }

   /**

    * Adds a group to the JDBCDatabase. This method is not accessible via NNTP.

    * @param name

    * @throws java.sql.SQLException

    */

   @Override

   public void addGroup(String name, int flags)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);

       pstmtAddGroup0.setString(1, name);

       pstmtAddGroup0.setInt(2, flags);

       pstmtAddGroup0.executeUpdate();

       this.conn.commit();

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(true);

       this.restarts = 0; // Reset error count

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       try

       {

         this.conn.rollback();

         this.conn.setAutoCommit(true);

       }

       catch(SQLException ex2)

       {

         ex2.printStackTrace();

       }

       restartConnection(ex);

       addGroup(name, flags);

     }

   }

   @Override

   public void addEvent(long time, int type, long gid)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);

       this.pstmtAddEvent.setLong(1, time);

       this.pstmtAddEvent.setInt(2, type);

       this.pstmtAddEvent.setLong(3, gid);

       this.pstmtAddEvent.executeUpdate();

       this.conn.commit();

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(true);

       this.restarts = 0;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       try

       {

         this.conn.rollback();

         this.conn.setAutoCommit(true);

       }

       catch(SQLException ex2)

       {

         ex2.printStackTrace();

       }

       restartConnection(ex);

       addEvent(time, type, gid);

     }

   }

   @Override

   public int countArticles()

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       rs = this.pstmtCountArticles.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getInt(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return -1;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return countArticles();

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

         restarts = 0;

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public int countGroups()

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       rs = this.pstmtCountGroups.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getInt(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return -1;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return countGroups();

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

         restarts = 0;

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public void delete(final String messageID)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(false);

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle0.setString(1, messageID);

       int rs = this.pstmtDeleteArticle0.executeUpdate();

       // We do not trust the ON DELETE CASCADE functionality to delete

       // orphaned references...

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle1.setString(1, messageID);

       rs = this.pstmtDeleteArticle1.executeUpdate();

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle2.setString(1, messageID);

       rs = this.pstmtDeleteArticle2.executeUpdate();

       this.pstmtDeleteArticle3.setString(1, messageID);

       rs = this.pstmtDeleteArticle3.executeUpdate();

       this.conn.commit();

       this.conn.setAutoCommit(true);

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       throw new StorageBackendException(ex);

     }

   }

   @Override

   public Article getArticle(String messageID)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       pstmtGetArticle0.setString(1, messageID);

       rs = pstmtGetArticle0.executeQuery();

       if(!rs.next())

       {

         return null;

       }

       else

       {

         byte[] body     = rs.getBytes("body");

         String headers  = getArticleHeaders(rs.getInt("article_id"));

         return new Article(headers, body);

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticle(messageID);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

         restarts = 0; // Reset error count

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Retrieves an article by its ID.

    * @param articleID

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public Article getArticle(long articleIndex, long gid)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {  

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetArticle1.setLong(1, articleIndex);

       this.pstmtGetArticle1.setLong(2, gid);

       rs = this.pstmtGetArticle1.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         byte[] body    = rs.getBytes("body");

         String headers = getArticleHeaders(rs.getInt("article_id"));

         return new Article(headers, body);

       }

       else

       {

         return null;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticle(articleIndex, gid);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

         restarts = 0;

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Searches for fitting header values using the given regular expression.

    * @param group

    * @param start

    * @param end

    * @param headerKey

    * @param pattern

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public List<Pair<Long, String>> getArticleHeaders(Channel group, long start,

     long end, String headerKey, String patStr)

     throws StorageBackendException, PatternSyntaxException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     List<Pair<Long, String>> heads = new ArrayList<Pair<Long, String>>();

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders1.setString(1, group.getName());

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders1.setString(2, headerKey);

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders1.setLong(3, start);

       rs = this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders1.executeQuery();

       // Convert the "NNTP" regex to Java regex

       patStr = patStr.replace("*", ".*");

       Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(patStr);

       while(rs.next())

       {

         Long articleIndex = rs.getLong(1);

         if(end < 0 || articleIndex <= end) // Match start is done via SQL

         {

           String headerValue  = rs.getString(2);

           Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(headerValue);

           if(matcher.matches())

           {

             heads.add(new Pair<Long, String>(articleIndex, headerValue));

           }

         }

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticleHeaders(group, start, end, headerKey, patStr);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

     return heads;

   }

   private String getArticleHeaders(long articleID)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders0.setLong(1, articleID);

       rs = this.pstmtGetArticleHeaders0.executeQuery();

       StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         for(;;)

         {

           buf.append(rs.getString(1)); // key

           buf.append(": ");

           String foldedValue = MimeUtility.fold(0, rs.getString(2));

           buf.append(foldedValue); // value

           if(rs.next())

           {

             buf.append("\r\n");

           }

           else

           {

             break;

           }

         }

       }

       return buf.toString();

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticleHeaders(articleID);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public long getArticleIndex(Article article, Group group)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetArticleIndex.setString(1, article.getMessageID());

       this.pstmtGetArticleIndex.setLong(2, group.getInternalID());

       rs = this.pstmtGetArticleIndex.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getLong(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return -1;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticleIndex(article, group);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Returns a list of Long/Article Pairs.

    * @throws java.sql.SQLException

    */

   @Override

   public List<Pair<Long, ArticleHead>> getArticleHeads(Group group, long first,

     long last)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeads.setLong(1, group.getInternalID());

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeads.setLong(2, first);

       this.pstmtGetArticleHeads.setLong(3, last);

       rs = pstmtGetArticleHeads.executeQuery();

       List<Pair<Long, ArticleHead>> articles 

         = new ArrayList<Pair<Long, ArticleHead>>();

       while (rs.next())

       {

         long aid  = rs.getLong("article_id");

         long aidx = rs.getLong("article_index");

         String headers = getArticleHeaders(aid);

         articles.add(new Pair<Long, ArticleHead>(aidx, 

                         new ArticleHead(headers)));

       }

       return articles;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticleHeads(group, first, last);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public List<Long> getArticleNumbers(long gid)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       List<Long> ids = new ArrayList<Long>();

       this.pstmtGetArticleIDs.setLong(1, gid);

       rs = this.pstmtGetArticleIDs.executeQuery();

       while(rs.next())

       {

         ids.add(rs.getLong(1));

       }

       return ids;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getArticleNumbers(gid);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

           restarts = 0; // Clear the restart count after successful request

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public String getConfigValue(String key)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetConfigValue.setString(1, key);

       rs = this.pstmtGetConfigValue.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getString(1); // First data on index 1 not 0

       }

       else

       {

         return null;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getConfigValue(key);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

         restarts = 0; // Clear the restart count after successful request

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public int getEventsCount(int type, long start, long end, Channel channel)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       if(channel == null)

       {

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount0.setInt(1, type);

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount0.setLong(2, start);

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount0.setLong(3, end);

         rs = this.pstmtGetEventsCount0.executeQuery();

       }

       else

       {

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount1.setInt(1, type);

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount1.setLong(2, start);

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount1.setLong(3, end);

         this.pstmtGetEventsCount1.setLong(4, channel.getInternalID());

         rs = this.pstmtGetEventsCount1.executeQuery();

       }

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getInt(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return -1;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getEventsCount(type, start, end, channel);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Reads all Groups from the JDBCDatabase.

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public List<Channel> getGroups()

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet   rs;

     List<Channel> buffer = new ArrayList<Channel>();

     Statement   stmt   = null;

     try

     {

       stmt = conn.createStatement();

       rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM groups ORDER BY name");

       while(rs.next())

       {

         String name  = rs.getString("name");

         long   id    = rs.getLong("group_id");

         int    flags = rs.getInt("flags");

         Group group = new Group(name, id, flags);

         buffer.add(group);

       }

       return buffer;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getGroups();

     }

     finally

     {

       if(stmt != null)

       {

         try

         {

           stmt.close(); // Implicitely closes ResultSets

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public List<String> getGroupsForList(String listAddress)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetGroupForList.setString(1, listAddress);

       rs = this.pstmtGetGroupForList.executeQuery();

       List<String> groups = new ArrayList<String>();

       while(rs.next())

       {

         String group = rs.getString(1);

         groups.add(group);

       }

       return groups;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getGroupsForList(listAddress);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Returns the Group that is identified by the name.

    * @param name

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public Group getGroup(String name)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetGroup0.setString(1, name);

       rs = this.pstmtGetGroup0.executeQuery();

       if (!rs.next())

       {

         return null;

       }

       else

       {

         long id = rs.getLong("group_id");

         int flags = rs.getInt("flags");

         return new Group(name, id, flags);

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getGroup(name);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public List<String> getListsForGroup(String group)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet     rs    = null;

     List<String>  lists = new ArrayList<String>();

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetListForGroup.setString(1, group);

       rs = this.pstmtGetListForGroup.executeQuery();

       while(rs.next())

       {

         lists.add(rs.getString(1));

       }

       return lists;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getListsForGroup(group);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   private int getMaxArticleIndex(long groupID)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs    = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetMaxArticleIndex.setLong(1, groupID);

       rs = this.pstmtGetMaxArticleIndex.executeQuery();

       int maxIndex = 0;

       if (rs.next())

       {

         maxIndex = rs.getInt(1);

       }

       return maxIndex;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getMaxArticleIndex(groupID);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   private int getMaxArticleID()

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs    = null;

     try

     {

       rs = this.pstmtGetMaxArticleID.executeQuery();

       int maxIndex = 0;

       if (rs.next())

       {

         maxIndex = rs.getInt(1);

       }

       return maxIndex;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getMaxArticleID();

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public int getLastArticleNumber(Group group)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetLastArticleNumber.setLong(1, group.getInternalID());

       rs = this.pstmtGetLastArticleNumber.executeQuery();

       if (rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getInt(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return 0;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getLastArticleNumber(group);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public int getFirstArticleNumber(Group group)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetFirstArticleNumber.setLong(1, group.getInternalID());

       rs = this.pstmtGetFirstArticleNumber.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getInt(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return 0;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getFirstArticleNumber(group);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Returns a group name identified by the given id.

    * @param id

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   public String getGroup(int id)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetGroup1.setInt(1, id);

       rs = this.pstmtGetGroup1.executeQuery();

       if (rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getString(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return null;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getGroup(id);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public double getEventsPerHour(int key, long gid)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     String gidquery = "";

     if(gid >= 0)

     {

       gidquery = " AND group_id = " + gid;

     }

     Statement stmt = null;

     ResultSet rs   = null;

     try

     {

       stmt = this.conn.createStatement();

       rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT Count(*) / (Max(event_time) - Min(event_time))" +

         " * 1000 * 60 * 60 FROM events WHERE event_key = " + key + gidquery);

       if(rs.next())

       {

         restarts = 0; // reset error count

         return rs.getDouble(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return Double.NaN;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getEventsPerHour(key, gid);

     }

     finally

     {

       try

       {

         if(stmt != null)

         {

           stmt.close(); // Implicitely closes the result sets

         }

       }

       catch(SQLException ex)

       {

         ex.printStackTrace();

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public String getOldestArticle()

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       rs = this.pstmtGetOldestArticle.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getString(1);

       }

       else

       {

         return null;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getOldestArticle();

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public int getPostingsCount(String groupname)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtGetPostingsCount.setString(1, groupname);

       rs = this.pstmtGetPostingsCount.executeQuery();

       if(rs.next())

       {

         return rs.getInt(1);

       }

       else

       {

         Log.get().warning("Count on postings return nothing!");

         return 0;

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getPostingsCount(groupname);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public List<Subscription> getSubscriptions(int feedtype)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       List<Subscription> subs = new ArrayList<Subscription>();

       this.pstmtGetSubscriptions.setInt(1, feedtype);

       rs = this.pstmtGetSubscriptions.executeQuery();

       while(rs.next())

       {

         String host  = rs.getString("host");

         String group = rs.getString("name");

         int    port  = rs.getInt("port");

         subs.add(new Subscription(host, port, feedtype, group));

       }

       return subs;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return getSubscriptions(feedtype);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Checks if there is an article with the given messageid in the JDBCDatabase.

    * @param name

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public boolean isArticleExisting(String messageID)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtIsArticleExisting.setString(1, messageID);

       rs = this.pstmtIsArticleExisting.executeQuery();

       return rs.next() && rs.getInt(1) == 1;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return isArticleExisting(messageID);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   /**

    * Checks if there is a group with the given name in the JDBCDatabase.

    * @param name

    * @return

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public boolean isGroupExisting(String name)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     ResultSet rs = null;

     try

     {

       this.pstmtIsGroupExisting.setString(1, name);

       rs = this.pstmtIsGroupExisting.executeQuery();

       return rs.next();

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return isGroupExisting(name);

     }

     finally

     {

       if(rs != null)

       {

         try

         {

           rs.close();

         }

         catch(SQLException ex)

         {

           ex.printStackTrace();

         }

       }

     }

   }

   @Override

   public void setConfigValue(String key, String value)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       conn.setAutoCommit(false);

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue0.setString(1, key);

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue0.execute();

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue1.setString(1, key);

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue1.setString(2, value);

       this.pstmtSetConfigValue1.execute();

       conn.commit();

       conn.setAutoCommit(true);

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       setConfigValue(key, value);

     }

   }

   /**

    * Closes the JDBCDatabase connection.

    */

   public void shutdown()

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       if(this.conn != null)

       {

         this.conn.close();

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       throw new StorageBackendException(ex);

     }

   }

   @Override

   public void purgeGroup(Group group)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       this.pstmtPurgeGroup0.setLong(1, group.getInternalID());

       this.pstmtPurgeGroup0.executeUpdate();

       this.pstmtPurgeGroup1.setLong(1, group.getInternalID());

       this.pstmtPurgeGroup1.executeUpdate();

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       purgeGroup(group);

     }

   }

   private void restartConnection(SQLException cause)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     restarts++;

     Log.get().severe(Thread.currentThread()

       + ": Database connection was closed (restart " + restarts + ").");

     if(restarts >= MAX_RESTARTS)

     {

       // Delete the current, probably broken JDBCDatabase instance.

       // So no one can use the instance any more.

       JDBCDatabaseProvider.instances.remove(Thread.currentThread());

       // Throw the exception upwards

       throw new StorageBackendException(cause);

     }

     try

     {

       Thread.sleep(1500L * restarts);

     }

     catch(InterruptedException ex)

     {

       Log.get().warning("Interrupted: " + ex.getMessage());

     }

     // Try to properly close the old database connection

     try

     {

       if(this.conn != null)

       {

         this.conn.close();

       }

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       Log.get().warning(ex.getMessage());

     }

     try

     {

       // Try to reinitialize database connection

       arise();

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       Log.get().warning(ex.getMessage());

       restartConnection(ex);

     }

   }

   /**

    * Writes the flags and the name of the given group to the database.

    * @param group

    * @throws StorageBackendException

    */

   @Override

   public boolean update(Group group)

     throws StorageBackendException

   {

     try

     {

       this.pstmtUpdateGroup.setInt(1, group.getFlags());

       this.pstmtUpdateGroup.setString(2, group.getName());

       this.pstmtUpdateGroup.setLong(3, group.getInternalID());

       int rs = this.pstmtUpdateGroup.executeUpdate();

       return rs == 1;

     }

     catch(SQLException ex)

     {

       restartConnection(ex);

       return update(group);

     }

   }

 }